Opinion
2:21-cv-01410-LK
12-19-2024
CAROL STEPIEN, Plaintiff, v. GINA RAIMONDO, Defendant.
ORDER DENYING MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION
Lauren King United States District Judge
This matter comes before the Court on Plaintiff Carol Stepien's Motion for Reconsideration re Order Partially Granting Defendant Summary Judgment. Dkt. No. 91. Stepien seeks reconsideration of the Court's order granting in part and denying in part Defendant Gina Raimondo's motion for summary judgment. Dkt. No. 89 (the “Order”). For the reasons set forth below, the Court denies the motion.
The same order granted in part and denied in part Stepien's cross motion for summary judgment. Id. at 67. For ease of reference and consistency with the Order, the Court refers to Defendant as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (“NOAA”), which was Stepien's employer.
A. Legal Standard
Motions for reconsideration are disfavored, and the Court “will ordinarily deny such motions in the absence of a showing of manifest error in the prior ruling or a showing of new facts or legal authority which could not have been brought to its attention earlier with reasonable diligence.” LCR 7(h)(1); see also Kona Enters., Inc. v. Est. of Bishop, 229 F.3d 877, 890 (9th Cir. 2000) (noting that reconsideration is an “extraordinary remedy, to be used sparingly in the interests of finality and conservation of judicial resources” (cleaned up)); Barton v. Leadpoint Inc., No. C21-5372-BHS, 2022 WL 293135, at *1 (W.D. Wash. Feb. 1, 2022) (motions for reconsideration are not “intended to provide litigants with a second bite at the apple” and “should not be used to ask a court to rethink what the court had already thought through”); Santiago v. Gage, No. 3:18-CV-05825-RBL, 2020 WL 42246, at *1 (W.D. Wash. Jan. 3, 2020) (“Mere disagreement with a previous order is an insufficient basis for reconsideration[.]”). Furthermore, movants are required to “point out with specificity the matters which the movant believes were overlooked or misapprehended by the court, any new matters being brought to the court's attention for the first time, and the particular modifications being sought in the court's prior ruling.” LCR 7(h)(2). Failure to do so “may be grounds for denial of the motion.” Id.
B. Reconsideration Is Unwarranted
Stepien contends that the Court erred by granting NOAA's motion for summary judgment regarding her claims for (1) retaliation and discrimination related to her 10-day suspension, and (2) hostile work environment based on retaliation, age, and gender. Dkt. No. 91 at 1. The Court examines these contentions in turn.
1. The 10-Day Suspension
Stepien continues to argue that her 10-day suspension constituted age discrimination, Dkt. No. 91 at 3, but she does not dispute that her summary judgment filings never identified the age of her alleged comparator, John Doe, Dkt. No. 89 at 25 n.9. Nor does she cite to any evidence suggesting age discrimination. See generally Dkt. No. 91.
Stepien also contends that the Court erred by weighing the evidence in favor of NOAA regarding whether her 10-day suspension was discriminatory. Id. at 2-3. Despite her burden to show manifest error, Stepien's motion for reconsideration on this issue does not provide a single citation to the Court's Order or to the record to support this contention. Id.
Regardless, the Court did not weigh the evidence in NOAA's favor. Rather, the Court applied the proper standard and found that Stepien did not establish a genuine dispute of material fact regarding whether she and employee Doe-the only alleged comparator she identifies in her motion for reconsideration-were “similarly situated in all material respects.” Dkt. No. 89 at 26 (quoting Weil v. Citizens Telecom Servs. Co., LLC, 922 F.3d 993, 1004 (9th Cir. 2019) (cleaned up)). Stepien's conclusory allegation that both she and Doe “received discipline for content on a ‘slide,'” Dkt. No. 91 at 3, is a vast oversimplification of the record. Doe presented slides at a conference using his NOAA title and affiliation while he was on leave and without permission from NOAA. Dkt. No. 89 at 27. Notably, Stepien did not dispute NOAA's evidence that Doe's use of the NOAA logo was not necessarily improper; Doe was disciplined in part because he was not truthful in the investigation when he answered “No” to the question of whether his slides included the NOAA logo. Id. at 7-8, 27 n.10. Stepien's conduct was different: she used another person's slide in a presentation after being expressly told not to do so by its author and, in doing so, deepened an existing rift with a partner organization. Id. at 9, 27. And that was only part of the misconduct that resulted in her suspension. Stepien previously received a letter of reprimand for falsely referring to colleague Jim Guyton in an email to another scientist as a “gang rapist,” and then referring to him as a “bad priest” in another email to a supervisor despite that term's connotation of pedophilia and the potential damage to his reputation. Id. at 10. In light of their very different conduct, Doe was not a proper comparator. Id. at 27; Weil, 922 F.3d at 1004; Ingram v. Pac. Gas & Elec. Co., 690 Fed.Appx. 527, 530 (9th Cir. 2017) (explaining that employees are not similarly situated when they engaged in a different combination of conduct).
Stepien argues that “[t]his Court recognized that Stepien was trying to convey ‘urgency' by using the ‘bad priest' comment[.]” Dkt. No. 91 at 7. The Order noted that Stepien so contended in her brief and that her email including the “bad priest” reference did not include that explanation. Dkt. No. 89 at 9.
Stepien relies heavily on Reynaga v. Roseburg Forest Products, 847 F.3d 678 (9th Cir. 2017), Dkt. No. 91 at 2-4, but she never cited that case in her response to NOAA's motion for summary judgment, Dkt. No. 69. That 2017 case is thus not “new” legal authority that Stepien could not have brought to the Court's attention sooner. LCR 7(h). Reconsideration is not Stepien's opportunity to raise arguments she failed to make in response to NOAA's motion. Barton, 2022 WL 293135, at *1.
Regardless, Reynaga does not demonstrate any error in the Order. Stepien argues that in Reynaga, “the court even recognized that there was no evidence of ‘similarly situated employees being treated more favorably', but still found enough material issues of fact to infer discrimination.” Dkt. No. 91 at 2 (quoting Reynaga, 847 F.3d at 691). Stepien omits part of sentence she quotes; the full sentence stated that “there is no evidence in the record of similarly situated employees being treated more favorably in that precise manner.” Reynaga, 847 F.3d at 691 (emphasis added). The court went on to explain that there was “sufficient evidence to give rise to an inference of discrimination” because two other employees were treated differently. Id. at 691-92 (noting that one employee “was not subjected to the same lock-cutting intrusion as” the plaintiff and another employee was “hardly reprimanded” for hostile behavior). But here, Doe's treatment raises no inference of discrimination because he engaged in different conduct and was still given a multi-day suspension. Dkt. No. 86-2 at 2-3.
Stepien attempts to minimize her conduct by calling it “inadvertent,” Dkt. No. 91 at 3, but she does not claim to have inadvertently drafted and sent emails denigrating her colleague. Stepien also contends that she “question[ed] the honesty of the suspension,” id., but she has never disputed that she sent the offensive emails, used someone else's slide despite being told not to do so, and thereby damaged her employer's relationship with a third party. Dkt. No. 89 at 27. The fact that she thought the resulting suspension was unwarranted failed to demonstrate a genuine issue of material fact. Cornwell v. Electra Cent. Credit Union, 439 F.3d 1018, 1028 n.6 (9th Cir. 2006) (explaining that a plaintiff does not “create a genuine issue of material fact by relying solely on [her] subjective belief that the challenged employment action was unnecessary or unwarranted”).
Next, Stepien argues that the 10-day suspension suggests retaliation because of her “strong performance” and the proximity in time to her contact with “EEO.” Dkt. No. 91 at 4. Again, Stepien cites nothing in the Order or the record to support these claimed errors. Id. at 3-4. Regardless, as the Order noted, Stepien never disputed NOAA's assertion that her suspension was based on her conduct, not her performance. Dkt. No. 89 at 28. Neither her positive performance review nor her EEO contact immunized her from discipline for her admitted (and repeated) misconduct. Id. at 41.
Stepien also notes that in Reynaga, “an employee who created a hostile work environment but wasn't disciplined could be a valid comparator to a plaintiff who was disciplined for missing a day of work,” raising an inference of retaliation. Dkt. No. 91 at 4 (citing Reynaga, 847 F.3d at 694-95). If Stepien is suggesting that Guyton was such a comparator, the facts here are not analogous to Reynaga: Guyton was disciplined for yelling at Stepien in a meeting, and investigations did not substantiate Stepien's other complaints. Dkt. No. 89 at 6, 30. Moreover, the fact that Stepien also alleged harassment and discrimination in the same email in which she called Guyton a “bad priest” did not immunize her from consequences for her inappropriate language. Dkt. No. 35-6 at 2; see, e.g., Silbaugh v. Buttigieg, No. C17-1759-RSM, 2021 WL 3565431, at *8 (W.D. Wash. Aug. 12, 2021), aff'd No. 21-35694, 2022 WL 1641696 (9th Cir. May 24, 2022).
Stepien further argues that Matlock's decision to issue her a 10-day suspension should not be “insulated” from McClure's proposed suspension. Dkt. No. 91 at 4-5. However, as noted in the Order, Stepien never argued that Matlock “failed to make an independent decision or was influenced by McClure's proposed suspension.” Dkt. No. 89 at 42. Stepien now contends that Matlock could not have issued the final suspension without NOAA first issuing a proposed suspension. Dkt. No. 91 at 4-5. That reality sheds no light on Matlock's allegedly retaliatory motive. Nor is a retaliatory motive shown merely by his awareness of her complaint. Id. at 5. In fact, Matlock referred her complaint to the appropriate team for follow up. Dkt. No. 89 at 42; Dkt. 35-8 at 2. Finally, Stepien argues that a jury could view her “‘bad priest' comment as inappropriate or reasonable[.]” Dkt. No. 91 at 5. This argument misses the point. “The focus of a pretext inquiry is whether the employer's stated reason was honest, not whether it was accurate, wise, or well-considered.” Green v. Maricopa Cnty. Cmty. Coll. Sch. Dist., 265 F.Supp.2d 1110, 1128 (D. Ariz. 2003) (quoting Stewart v. Henderson, 207 F.3d 374, 378 (7th Cir. 2000)). Stepien did not create an issue of fact by asserting that her conduct was no big deal. See, e.g., Cornwell, 439 F.3d at 1028 n.6.
2. Hostile Work Environment
Stepien argues that the Court erred in noting that discrete acts could not form part of her hostile work environment claim. Dkt. No. 91 at 6. She does not dispute, though, that Porter is still good law. See Porter v. Cal. Dep't of Corr., 419 F.3d 885, 893 (9th Cir. 2005) (explaining that “[i]f the flames of an allegedly hostile environment are to rise to the level of an actionable claim, they must do so based on the fuel of timely non-discrete acts”). And in Reynaga, the case upon which Stepien relies most heavily in her motion for reconsideration, the court did not consider the employees' suspensions and removals as part of their alleged hostile work environment. Reynaga, 847 F.3d at 687-88. Regardless, the Order explicitly noted that the Court considered all of Stepien's allegations, noting that the two arguably gender-based incidents she alleged, “even combined with the other conduct Stepien alleges, were not objectively severe and pervasive enough to create hostile work environment.” Dkt. No. 89 at 49 (emphasis added).
Stepien also argues that “false discipline” can support a hostile work environment claim. Dkt. No. 91 at 6. Stepien did not make that argument in her response to NOAA's motion for summary judgment, so this untimely assertion does not justify reconsideration. LCR 7(h); Dkt. No. 69 at 31-32. Moreover, the discipline Stepien received was not “false”; as explained in the Order, it was based on undisputed facts and an extensive investigation revealing misconduct. Dkt. No. 89 at 6, 10-18.
Stepien also argues that she provided sufficient evidence of a hostile work environment. Dkt. No. 91 at 6-7. The Order noted that Stepien's response to NOAA's motion for summary judgment included (1) just one conclusory sentence of argument regarding a sex- and age-based hostile work environment without any citation to the record, and (2) a facts section that cited generally to a lengthy and un-highlighted section of her EEO declaration. Dkt. No. 89 at 48-49; LCR 10(e)(10) (requiring parties to highlight or otherwise mark relevant portions of exhibits). Her motion for reconsideration now cites to the record, but it is long past time to do so given that the evidence she cites is not new. Despite her failure to provide citations or specifically identify evidence that precluded summary judgment, the Court considered all of Stepien's allegations. Dkt. No. 89 at 49-50. Stepien's disagreement with the Court's conclusion does not justify reconsideration.
For example, Stepien contends that McClure and Guyton improperly questioned her about transferring her goods from her prior out of state employer to NOAA, Dkt. No. 91 at 7-8, but she does not dispute that three employees- none of whom she accuses of discrimination or harassment-asked Guyton to intervene when Stepien refused to follow instructions and federal travel regulations regarding her move, Dkt. No. 89 at 4. Asking Stepien about these issues-and her absence from a mandatory conference-are “ordinary tribulations of the workplace.” Fried v. Wynn Las Vegas, LLC, 18 F.4th 643, 648 (9th Cir. 2021) (quoting Faragher v. City of Boca Raton, 524 U.S. 775, 788 (1998)); see also id. (explaining that “[n]ot every insult or harassing comment will constitute a hostile work environment” and “[t]he standard for judging hostility is meant to ensure that Title VII does not become a general civility code” (cleaned up)). Although Stepien complains that Guyton questioned the appearance of her name on her students' and interns' publications, that disagreement was quickly resolved in her favor. Dkt. No. 89 at 4-5. Stepien also avers that “McClure falsely accused her of breaking into a lab shortly after her EEO contact, leading to her 10-day suspension,” Dkt. No. 91 at 7, but that issue is not referenced anywhere in the 10-day suspension letter, Dkt. No. 35-8.
II. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Court DENIES Stepien's motion for reconsideration. Dkt. No. 91.