Opinion
Opinion Filed January 6, 1959.
Trial. Appeal and Error.
1. By sustaining an objection to improper argument the trial court rules that the argument was improper.
2. In the absence of any comment by the court to the jury to disregard improper remarks of the State's Attorney, or a request so to do by respondent's counsel, it is then the duty of the respondent to move for a mistrial.
3. Where counsel is apparently satisfied with the trial court's ruling, the court has the right to believe that counsel is so satisfied.
4. The office of an exception is to preserve a known or supposed right taken on a hostile ruling.
5. To save a valid exception to argument there must be an objection stating the language of the argument objected to, the specific grounds of the objection must appear, there must be a ruling by the court, and an exception thereto by the party adversely affected thereby.
6. Only a party adversely affected by a ruling can except thereto.
7. A party is not entitled to any benefit of an exception not taken by himself, and therefore an exception taken by one party is not available to his adversary.
8. A party has no ground for exception where the court has ruled in his favor.
Prosecution for operating motor vehicle while under suspension. Trial by jury, Orleans Municipal Court, Pepin, J. Verdict and judgment of guilty. Affirmed.
Raymond L. Miles and Paul R. Rexford for the respondent.
Leonard Pearson, State's Attorney, for the State.
November Term, 1958
Present: Cleary, C. J., Adams, Hulburd, Holden and Shangraw, JJ.
This is a prosecution for operating a motor vehicle on a public highway while the respondent's right to do so was suspended. Trial was by jury in the Orleans Municipal Court and resulted in a verdict and judgment of guilty. The only exceptions which the respondent insists upon here are based on his objections to three remarks made by the State's Attorney during his argument to the jury.
The State's Attorney's statements were improper argument. The usual remedy for such mischief is for the offending counsel, fully and frankly, to retract what he has said amiss, for the court to rule it out at once and to instruct the jury not to consider it. Here there was no retraction but in each instance after the objection was made the court immediately said: "Objection is sustained and an exception is allowed." By sustaining the objection the court ruled that the argument was improper. Hall v. Fletcher, 100 Vt. 210, 213, 136 A 388; Duchaine v. Ray, 110 Vt. 313, 321, 6 A.2d 28. No objection was made or exception taken by the respondent to what the court said or failed to say; no request was made that the State's Attorney retract his argument or that the court rule it out or that the jury be instructed not to consider the argument. In the absence of any comment by the court to the jury to disregard the remarks of the State's Attorney, or a request so to do by respondent's counsel, it then became the duty of respondent to move for a mistrial. Fadden v. McKinney, 87 Vt. 316, 327, 89 A 351. Apparently respondent's counsel was satisfied with the court's ruling and the court had the right to believe that counsel was so satisfied. Russell v. Pilger, 113 Vt. 537, 542-543, 37 A.2d 403.
The office of an exception is to preserve a known or supposed right taken on a hostile ruling. In re Moore, 113 Me 195, 93 A 180, 181. The following elements are necessary to save a valid exception to argument. There must be an objection stating the language of the argument objected to, the specific grounds of the objection must appear, there must be a ruling by the court, and an exception thereto by the party adversely affected thereby. Tuttle v. Dodge, 80 N.H. 304, 312, 116 A 627; Gobrect v. Beckwith, 82 N.H. 415, 422, 135 A 20, 52 ALR 858; Colby v. Lee, 83 N.H. 303, 309, 142 A 115, 688; Buttrick v. Woman's Hosp. Ass'n., 87 N.H. 194, 177 A 416; Bourget v. Public Service Co., 98 N.H. 237, 97 A.2d 383, 388; State v. Schoolcraft, 110 Vt. 393, 396, 8 A.2d 682; State v. Gravelle, 117 Vt. 238, 245, 89 A.2d 111.
Only a party adversely affected by a ruling can except thereto. Croation Bros. Packing Co. v. Rice, 88 Ind. App. 126, 147 N.E. 288, 289. A party is not entitled to any benefit of an exception not taken by himself, and therefore an exception taken by one party is not available to his adversary. Sline Sons v. Hooper, 164 Md. 244, 164 A 548; Blinder v. Monaghan, 171 Md. 77, 188 A 31.
In the present case the respondent's objections were to the State's Attorney's argument. These objections were sustained. Therefore the exceptions which the court allowed must be held to have been allowed to the State rather than to the respondent. Even if it could be assumed that the court intended to allow the exceptions to the respondent such action would have been gratuitous and of no effect. The respondent had no ground for exception because the court had ruled in his favor. Fadden v. McKinney, 87 Vt. 316, 326-327, 89 A 351. Therefore his claim of prejudice because of the State's Attorney's remarks is not before us. De Cubellis v. Mellucci, 59 RI 216, 194 A 717, 719.
The claimed exceptions are overruled. Judgment affirmed. Let execution be done.