Nonetheless, Florida courts have said the exception applies—that the proof, though essential, must meet only the preponderance standard as determined by the judge, not the reasonable-doubt standard as determined by a jury. See, e.g., State v. Wilson, 203 So. 3d 192, 193-94 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016); Lopez v. State, 135 So. 3d 539, 540 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014); Williams v. State, 143 So. 3d 423, 424 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014). III
See State v. Johnson, 122 So.3d 856 (Fla. 2013); Johnson v. State, 60 So.3d 1045 (Fla. 2011); Robinson v. State, 337 So.3d 1275 (Fla. 2d DCA 2022); Lopez v. State, 135 So.3d 539 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014); Boardman v. State, 69 So.3d 367 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011); Burrows v. State, 890 So.2d 286 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004); Washington v. State, 335 So.3d 1270 (Fla. 3d DCA 2022); Simmons v. State, 332 So.3d 1129 (Fla. 5th DCA 2022); State v. Wilson, 203 So.3d 192 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016); Williams v. State, 143 So.3d 423 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014).
Affirmed. SeeState v. Johnson , 122 So. 3d 856 (Fla. 2013) ; Johnson v. State, 60 So. 3d 1045 (Fla. 2011) ;Robinson v. State , 337 So. 3d 1275 (Fla. 2d DCA 2022) ; Lopez v. State , 135 So. 3d 539 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014) ; Boardman v. State , 69 So. 3d 367 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011) ; Burrows v. State , 890 So. 2d 286 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004) ; Washington v. State , 335 So. 3d 1270 (Fla. 3d DCA 2022) ; Simmons v. State , 332 So. 3d 1129 (Fla. 5th DCA 2022) ; State v. Wilson , 203 So. 3d 192 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016) ; Williams v. State , 143 So. 3d 423 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014). KELLY, VILLANTI, and ROTHSTEIN-YOUAKIM, JJ., Concur.
Affirmed. SeeRobinson v. State , 337 So. 3d 1275 (Fla. 2d DCA 2022) ; Lopez v. State , 135 So. 3d 539 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014) ; Washington v. State , 335 So. 3d 1270 (Fla. 3d DCA 2022) ; Simmons v. State , 332 So. 3d 1129 (Fla. 5th DCA 2022) ; State v. Wilson , 203 So. 3d 192 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016) ; Williams v. State , 143 So. 3d 423 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014). KELLY, VILLANTI, and ROTHSTEIN-YOUAKIM, JJ., Concur.
Affirmed. SeeRobinson v. State , 337 So. 3d 1275 (Fla. 2d DCA 2022) ; Lopez v. State , 135 So. 3d 539 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014) ; Washington v. State , 335 So. 3d 1270 (Fla. 3d DCA 2022) ; Simmons v. State , 332 So. 3d 1129 (Fla. 5th DCA 2022) ; State v. Wilson , 203 So. 3d 192 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016) ; Williams v. State , 143 So. 3d 423 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014). KELLY, VILLANTI, and ROTHSTEIN-YOUAKIM, JJ., Concur.
Affirmed. See Robinson v. State, 337 So.3d 1275 (Fla. 2d DCA 2022); Lopez v. State, 135 So.3d 539 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014); Washington v. State, 335 So.3d 1270 (Fla. 3d DCA 2022); Simmonsv. State, 332 So.3d 1129 (Fla. 5th DCA 2022); State v. Wilson, 203 So. 3d 192 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016); Williams v. State, 143 So.3d 423 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014).
Affirmed. SeeRobinson v. State , 337 So. 3d 1275 (Fla. 2d DCA 2022) ; Lopez v. State , 135 So. 3d 539 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014) ; Washington v. State , 335 So. 3d 1270 (Fla. 3d DCA 2022) ; Simmons v. State , 332 So. 3d 1129 (Fla. 5th DCA 2022) ; State v. Wilson , 203 So. 3d 192 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016) ; Williams v. State , 143 So. 3d 423 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014). KELLY, VILLANTI, and ROTHSTEIN-YOUAKIM, JJ., Concur.
Lopez v. State, 135 So.3d 539 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014); Boardman v. State, 69 So.3d 367 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011); Caraballo v. State, 805 So.2d 882 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001); Washington v. State, 335 So. 3d 1270 (Fla. 3d DCA 2022); Simmons v. State, 332 So.3d 1129 (Fla. 5th DCA 2022); State v. Wilson, 203 So.3d 192 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016); Williams v. State, 143 So.3d 423 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014). KHOUZAM, ROTHSTEIN-YOUAKIM, and SMITH, JJ., Concur.
SeeState v. Johnson , 122 So. 3d 856 (Fla. 2013) ; Robinson v. State , 47 Fla. L. Weekly D975 (Fla. 2d DCA May 4, 2022) ; Lopez v. State , 135 So. 3d 539 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014) ; Boardman v. State , 69 So. 3d 367 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011) ; Caraballo v. State , 805 So. 2d 882 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001) ; Washington v. State , 335 So. 3d 1270 (Fla. 3d DCA 2022) ; Simmons v. State , 332 So. 3d 1129 (Fla. 5th DCA 2022) ; State v. Wilson , 203 So. 3d 192 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016) ; Williams v. State , 143 So. 3d 423 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014). KHOUZAM, ROTHSTEIN-YOUAKIM, and SMITH, JJ., Concur.
Robinson v. State, 47 Fla.L.Weekly D975 (Fla. 2d DCA May 4, 2022); Lopez v. State, 135 So.3d 539 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014); Boardman v. State, 69 So.3d 367 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011); Caraballo v. State, 805 So.2d 882 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001); Washington v. State, 335 So. 3d 1270 (Fla. 3d DCA 2022); Simmons v. State, 332 So.3d 1129 (Fla. 5th DCA 2022); State v. Wilson, 203 So.3d 192 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016); Williams v. State, 143 So.3d 423 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014). KHOUZAM, ROTHSTEIN-YOUAKIM, and SMITH, JJ., Concur.