Opinion
June Term, 1853.
1. Though the examining magistrate, before whom a prisoner charged with felony is brought, does not reduce the examination to writing, as it is his duty to do, yet evidence may be given of such prisoner's confessions at the time.
2. But to render such evidence admissible it must appear that the committing magistrate did not take down the examination in writing, or that the same is lost.
3. Where a magistrate was called to testify to confessions of a prisoner, brought before him on a charge of homicide, and stated that he inquired of the prisoner how the facts were; and the evidence being objected to by prisoner's counsel, the witness stated that the confessions offered were voluntarily made; whereupon the presiding judge allowed them to be given in evidence; Held, that the prisoner's counsel was not bound to apprise the solicitor for the State nor the court, of the grounds of his objection, and is not, therefore, precluded from insisting in this Court on the objection, that there was no proof that the prisoner's examination was not reduced to writing.
(Case of S. v. Irwin, 2 N.C. 112, cited and approved.)
THE prisoner was indicted for the murder of one Josiah T. Parker. On the trial, before Saunders, J., at CHOWAN, on the last Spring Circuit, a witness named Simpson was introduced to prove certain confessions of the prisoner; and he testified that the prisoner was brought before him and one Welch, justices of the peace of Chowan County, on a warrant for shooting the deceased. "That witness inquired of prisoner how the facts were. This evidence being objected to, witness, in answer to questions put to him, stated that no promise, threat, or inducement of any kind, either of hope or fear, was held out to prisoner, and that he voluntarily made the confession offered. His Honor thereupon admitted the evidence, and the witness proceeded to give the (240) confessions and statements of prisoner." It does not appear in the case that the magistrate did not reduce their examination of the prisoner to writing, nor was there any testimony offered in relation to that fact.
Attorney-General for the State.
Jordan for prisoner.
(There were several other points made for the prisoner in the court below, and argued also in this Court; but it is deemed unnecessary to state them here, inasmuch as the case in this Court turned upon the single exception above set forth.)
The jury found the prisoner guilty of murder, and judgment of death having been pronounced against him, he appealed to the Supreme Court.
The justice before whom the prisoner was brought on a warrant for shooting the deceased, stated that he inquired of the prisoner how the facts were, and (as we understand the record) was about to relate what the prisoner had said on his examination. "This evidence being objected to, witness, in answer to questions put to him, stated that no promise, threat, or inducement of any kind, either of hope or fear was held out to prisoner, and that he voluntarily made the confessions offered. His Honor thereupon admitted the evidence, and the witness proceeded to give the confessions and statement of prisoner."
For this the prisoner excepts. There is error. It was at one time questioned whether parol evidence of what a prisoner said, upon his examination before the committing magistrate, could be given in evidence by the State under any circumstances, on the ground that it was the duty of the magistrate to put the examination in writing; and the State ought not to take advantage of the neglect of one of its officers. It was decided, however, that the requisition upon the magistrate to reduce the examination to writing was only directory, and there was no reason, notwithstanding his neglect of duty, why the State should not have the benefit of confessions made before him, as well as when they were made before a third person, provided it was proven that the examination had not been taken down in writing; for in the absence of such proof, the presumption was that the magistrate had done his (241) duty. S. v. Irwin, 2 N.C. 112; 1 Leach, 309; Foster, 255, 296; Roscoe's Cr. Ev., 60.
In the case now before us, it was not proven that the examination had not been taken down in writing by the magistrate, as it was his duty to do. The objection, therefore, is fatal, if it is presented by the bill of exceptions.
In reference to this, we have had some difficulty. The evidence was objected to in general terms. The very able and efficient solicitor, taking it for granted that the ground of objection was the want of proof that the confessions were voluntary, immediately removed that ground of objection, and thereupon his Honor admitted the evidence, without adverting to the fact that there was still the ground of objection above referred to. And the question is, was it the duty of the prisoner's counsel to apprise the solicitor for the State, or to inform the court that there was still this ground of objection to the admissibility of the evidence? Or was it the duty of the solicitor for the State, or of the court to call upon the prisoner to state his grounds of objection?
As this requisition was not made upon the prisoner's counsel, we are unable to see any reason why the omission to state the grounds of objection to the evidence, should preclude the prisoner from insisting that he is entitled to a venire de novo, because, after objection on his part, evidence was admitted which the law did not authorize upon the state of facts then before the court.
PER CURIAM.
Judgment reversed, and venire de novo awarded.
Cited: S. v. Matthews, 66 N.C. 110; S. v. Cruse, 74 N.C. 492; S. v. Secrest, 80 N.C. 455; S. v. Johnston, 82 N.C. 589; S. v. Kemp, 87 N.C. 539; S. v. Suggs, 89 N.C. 527; S. v. Pressley, 90 N.C. 730; S. v. Cole, 94 N.C. 964; S. v. Wilkerson, 103 N.C. 341.
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