21 S.W.2d 259 (Ky.); State v. Ardoin, 49 La. Ann. 1145, 22 So. 620, 62 Am. St. Rep. 678; State v. Molay, 174 La. 63, 139 So. 759; People v. Crofoot, 254 Mich. 167, 235 N.W. 883; People v. Marvill, 236 Mich. 595, 211 N.W. 23; State v. Stiel, 157 Minn. 461, 196 N.W. 490; State v. Armstead, 283 S.W.2d 577 (Mo.); State v. Taylor, 118 Mo. 153, 24 S.W. 449; State v. McClellan, 23 Mont. 532, 59 P. 924, 75 Am. St. Rep. 558; Hall v. State, 135 Neb. 188, 280 N.W. 847, 118 A.L.R. 1300; Peyton v. State, 54 Neb. 188, 74 N.W. 597; State v. Mucci, 25 N.J. 423, 136 A.2d 761; State v. Smith, 21 N.M. 173, 153 P. 256; Territory of New Mexico v. Tais, 14 N.M. 399, 94 P. 947; People v. Tapia, 11 App. Div. 2d 679, 201 N.Y.S.2d 984; People v. Russell, 266 N.Y. 147, 194 N.E. 65; State v. Foye, 254 N.C. 704, 120 S.E.2d 169; State v. Sheffield, 206 N.C. 374, 174 S.E. 105; State v. Nelson, 17 N.D. 13, 114 N.W. 478; Stevens v. State, 26 Ohio App. 53, 159 N.E. 834; Shoemaker v. Territory, 4 Okla. 118, 43 P. 1059; State v. Milosevich, 119 Or. 404, 249 P. 625; State v. Mayfield, 235 S.C. 11, 109 S.E.2d 716; State v. McGhee, 137 S.C. 256, 135 S.E. 59; State v. Chancey, 136 S.C. 305, 132 S.E. 824; Odeneal v. State, 128 Tenn. 60, 157 S.W. 419; Nichols v. State, 91 Tex.Crim. 277, 238 S.W. 232; Ayres v. State, 21 Tex. App. 399[ 21 Tex.Crim. 399] [ 21 Tex.Crim. 399], 17 S.W. 253; State v. Whitely, 100 Utah 14, 110 P.2d 337; State v. Parsons, 90 W. Va. 307, 110 S.E. 698; Fraccaro v. State, 189 Wis. 428, 207 N.W. 687; and Roen v. State, 182 Wis. 515, 196 N.W. 825. Goldsby v. United States, 160 U.S. 70, 16 S. Ct. 216, 40 L. Ed. 343; United States v. Vigorito, 67 F.2d 329 (2d Cir. 1933), certiorari denied, 290 U.S. 705, 54 S. Ct. 373, 78 L. Ed. 606; Falgout v. United States, 279 F. 513; McCool v. United States, 263 F. 55; Fielder v. United States, 227 F. 832; and Glover v. United States, 147 F. 426.
Requiring a defendant in a criminal case to prove his innocence by any degree of proof is contrary to the weight of authority.Rayburn v. State, 63 S.W. (Ark.) 356; Lovejoy v. State, 36 S.W. (Ark.) 575; Hatch v. State, 144 Ala. 50, 40 So. 113; Hawthorne v. State, 58 Miss. 778, 789; Bishop v. State, 62 Miss. 289; German v. U.S., 120 Fed. 666; State of Nevada v. McCluer, 5 Nev. 110; People v. Willett, 36 Hun. (N.Y.) 500; Boyd v. State, 136 Ga. 340, 71 S.E. 416; Cowherd v. State, 6 Okla. Cr. 708, 120 P. 1021; Courtney v. State, 12 Okla. Cr. 169, 152 P. 1134; Carter v. State, 12 Okla. Cr. 164, 152 P. 1132; Nichols et al. v. State, 8 Okla. Cr. 550, 135 P. 1071; Merriweather v. State, 53 Okla. Cr. 420, 12 P.2d 707; State v. Montifoire, 95 Vt. 508, 116 A. 77; State v. Lundhigh, 30 Idaho 365, 164 P. 690; State v. Milosevich, 119 Ore. 404, 249 P. 625; State v. Radick, 119 Ore. 408, 249 P. 626; State v. McGhee, 135 S.E. (S.C.) 59; Fraccaro v. State, 189 Wis. 428, 207 N.W. 687; State v. Wilkerson, 164 N.C. 431, 79 S.E. 888; Hale v. Commonwealth, 165 Va. 808, 183 S.E. 180.
In the second place, we contend that if we "go forward with the proof," to the extent of presenting some proof on the subject matter, then we feel that no burden of proof exists, and that if upon that issue we have raised a reasonable doubt, the defendant is entitled to the benefit of that doubt. State v. McCluer, 5 Nev. 132; State v. Waterman, 1 Nev. 543; Davis v. United States, 160 U.S. 469, 40 L.Ed. 499; State v. Milosevich (Ore.), 249 P. 625; Jones v. State (Tex.), 257 S.W. 895; Garcia v. State (Tex.), 273 S.W. 845; Robison v. State (Tex.), 276 S.W. 259; Long v. State (Tex.), 283 S.W. 810; Ford v. State (Tex.), 285 S.W. 615; State v. Rouw (Wash.), 286 P. 81; People v. Post (Cal.), 281 P. 618; Duncan v. United States, 23 F.2d 3; Ezzard v. United States, 7 F.2d 808. Appellant complains because he was tried by a jury instead of by the court.
Both cases were tried before the same court and jury and involve the same question on appeal. In State v. Tony Milosevich, ante, p. 404 ( 249 P. 625), in an opinion this day rendered, the cause, on account of an erroneous instruction was reversed and remanded for a new trial. It follows that the same order will be entered herein. REVERSED AND REMANDED.