Summary
reversing judgment of revocation of probation for failure to make appropriate wilfulness finding under Bearden
Summary of this case from State v. GamerOpinion
(2000)
Convicted on five counts of larceny in the third degree, the defendant was placed on two years probation under the condition that he make restitution payments. From the subsequent judgment of the trial court revoking his probation for failing to make those payments, the defendant appealed. Held that, absent an inquiry into whether the defendant had made sufficient efforts to make the restitution payments, the trial court should not have revoked his probation.
Argued October 4, 1983
Decision released December 6, 1983
Information charging the defendant with violation of probation, brought to the Superior Court in the judicial district of Hartford-New Britain, geographical area number thirteen, and tried to the court, Allen, J.; judgment ordering the revocation of the defendant's probation and his incarceration, from which the defendant appealed. Error; further proceedings.
Kenneth Rosenthal and David Metzger, law student intern, for the appellant (defendant).
Jeffrey L. Kline, assistant state's attorney, with whom, on the brief, was John Malone, assistant state's attorney, for the appellee (state).
After pleading guilty to five counts of larceny in the third degree, the defendant was sentenced to concurrent suspended six month terms and placed on probation for two years, conditional upon the making of restitution payments. A warrant for the arrest of the defendant for violation of probation was issued and a hearing held thereon. The trial court concluded that probation was violated and sentenced the defendant to incarceration. The defendant appealed from that judgment.
This appeal was originally filed in the Appellate Session of the Superior Court. Public Acts, Spec. Sess., June, 1983, No. 83-29, 3(c).
The state claims that the arrest warrant specified two grounds for violation of probation: failure to make restitution in accordance with the schedule of payments and failure of the defendant to keep appointments with his probation officer. The warrant was not part of the record on appeal. Whether the warrant was two-pronged is irrelevant, however, since the trial court's memorandum of decision makes it clear that probation was revoked "[b]ecause of the defendant's complete lack of cooperation with his probation officer in making the restitution payments . . . ." At the time of the hearing, the defendant, who had been ordered to pay $2260, was $540 in arrears, with nine months of his probation left.
The trial judge committed the defendant "until restitution of $630 or 6 months whichever occurs sooner." The court later revised the arrearage to $540. The state concedes that the conditional part of the sentence was illegal. See General Statutes 53a-32(b).
The defendant appeals from the judgment revoking his probation and ordering his incarceration, claiming that imposition of the full sentence constituted an abuse of discretion and a violation of the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment to the United States constitution.
The case of Bearden v. Georgia, 461 U.S. 660, 103 S.Ct. 2064, 76 L.Ed.2d 221 (1983), is dispositive. The state conceded on oral argument that if the trial judge based revocation of probation on the failure to make restitution, then Bearden would control.
The fourteenth amendment to the United States constitution requires that a sentencing court must inquire into the reasons for the failure to pay restitution in a revocation proceeding. "If the probationer willfully refused to pay or failed to make sufficient bona fide efforts legally to acquire the resources to pay, the court may revoke probation and sentence the defendant to imprisonment within the authorized range of its sentencing authority. If the probationer could not pay despite sufficient bona fide efforts to acquire the resources to do so, the court must consider alternate measures of punishment other than imprisonment. Only if alternate measures are not adequate to meet the State's interests in punishment and deterrence may the court imprison a probationer who has made sufficient bona fide efforts to pay." Id., 672.
No appropriate finding was made in this case nor were alternate punishments reviewed.