Opinion
AC 43484
04-06-2021
STATE of Connecticut v. Jamie LOVE
David B. Bachman, assigned counsel, for the appellant (defendant). Sarah Hanna, senior assistant state's attorney, with whom, on the brief, was Maureen Platt, state's attorney, for the appellee (state).
David B. Bachman, assigned counsel, for the appellant (defendant).
Sarah Hanna, senior assistant state's attorney, with whom, on the brief, was Maureen Platt, state's attorney, for the appellee (state).
Moll, Alexander and Suarez, Js.
ALEXANDER, J. The defendant, Jamie Love, appeals from the judgment of the trial court denying his motion to correct an illegal sentence. On appeal, the defendant claims that the court erred by failing to appoint counsel pursuant to General Statutes § 51-296 (a) and State v. Casiano , 282 Conn. 614, 922 A.2d 1065 (2007). We agree and, accordingly, reverse the judgment of the trial court and remand the case for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.
General Statutes § 51-296 (a) provides in relevant part: "In any criminal action ... the court before which the matter is pending shall, if it determines after investigation by the public defender or his office that a defendant is indigent as defined under this chapter, designate a public defender, assistant public defender or deputy assistant public defender to represent such indigent defendant ...."
The following undisputed facts and procedural history are relevant to this appeal. On November 9, 2017, the defendant pleaded guilty pursuant to the Alford doctrine to assault in the first degree in violation of General Statutes § 53a-59 (a) (1) and to carrying a pistol without a permit in violation of General Statutes § 29-35 (a). On January 31, 2018, the court imposed a total effective sentence of eight years of incarceration followed by ten years of special parole.
See North Carolina v. Alford , 400 U.S. 25, 37, 91 S. Ct. 160, 27 L. Ed. 2d 162 (1970).
Thereafter, on or about June 20, 2019, the defendant, representing himself, filed a motion to correct an illegal sentence and an accompanying memorandum of law, arguing, inter alia, that the sentencing court was not provided with accurate information; that he was not given an opportunity to review the presentence investigation report and therefore was unable to correct potential mistakes contained therein; and that a conflict of interest existed between his trial counsel and the prosecutor. Significant for purposes of this appeal, the defendant stated that his motion was made "[p]ursuant to ... State v. Casiano ...." On June 30, 2019, the court, without conducting a hearing, denied the defendant's motion "[without] prejudice pending the outcome of habeas filed by petitioner."
On appeal, the defendant argues that the court improperly denied his motion to correct an illegal sentence because it did not appoint counsel pursuant to § 51-296 (a) to determine whether there was a "sound basis" for his motion as required by State v. Casiano , supra, 282 Conn. at 627–28, 922 A.2d 1065. The state argues that the right to appointed counsel under Casiano is not self-executing. The state contends that, because the defendant made only a cursory reference to " State v. Casiano " in his motion, this reference was not an affirmative request for counsel. Although we agree with the state that the appointment of counsel for a motion to correct an illegal sentence is not self-executing and that a request for counsel must be made before counsel is appointed, we
The right to counsel in connection with the filing of a motion to correct an illegal sentence is statutory in nature. See State v. White , 182 Conn. App. 656, 666, 191 A.3d 172, cert. denied, 330 Conn. 924, 194 A.3d 291 (2018). A defendant must affirmatively request the appointment of counsel in connection with his motion and the trial court must grant such request for the initial inquiry of determining whether a sound basis exists for the motion. See State v. Francis , 322 Conn. 247, 267, 140 A.3d 927 (2016) ; State v. Casiano , supra, 282 Conn. at 627–28, 922 A.2d 1065 ; see also Practice Book § 44-2 ("[i]n any other situation in which a defendant is unable to obtain counsel by reason of indigency, and is ... statutorily entitled to the assistance of counsel, such defendant may request the judicial authority to appoint a public defender in accordance with Section 44-1" (emphasis added)).
determine that the defendant's reference to Casiano in his motion constituted an affirmative request for counsel.
Our analysis is guided by the following legal principles. "[I]t is axiomatic that [t]he judicial authority may at any time correct an illegal sentence or other illegal disposition, or it may correct a sentence imposed in an illegal manner. ... A motion to correct an illegal sentence constitutes a narrow exception to the general rule that, once a defendant's sentence has begun, the authority of the sentencing court to modify that sentence terminates. ... Indeed, [i]n order for the court to have jurisdiction over a motion to correct an illegal sentence after the sentence has been executed, the sentencing proceeding [itself] ... must be the subject of the attack. ... Therefore, the motion is directed to the sentencing court, which can entertain and resolve the challenge most expediently." (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Francis , 322 Conn. 247, 259–60, 140 A.3d 927 (2016).
A review of State v. Casiano , supra, 282 Conn. 614, 922 A.2d 1065, and its progeny will facilitate the resolution of this appeal. In Casiano , our Supreme Court analyzed whether the term "any criminal action" in § 51-296 (a) encompassed a motion to correct an illegal sentence and, thus, whether the appointment of counsel was required for indigent defendants with respect to such motions. Our Supreme Court determined that, in connection with a motion to correct an illegal sentence filed pursuant to Practice Book § 43-22, "a defendant has a right to the appointment of counsel for the purpose of determining whether a defendant who wishes to file such a motion has a sound basis for doing so. If appointed counsel determines that such a basis exists, the defendant also has the right to the assistance of such counsel for the purpose of preparing and filing such a motion and, thereafter, for the purpose of any direct appeal from the denial of that motion." State v. Casiano , supra, at 627–28, 922 A.2d 1065.
In State v. Francis , supra, 322 Conn. at 259, 140 A.3d 927, our Supreme Court concluded that it was harmful error for a trial court to fail to appoint counsel to represent the defendant "even for the limited purpose of determining whether a sound basis existed for him to file his motion [to correct illegal sentence]." In that case, the trial court did not appoint a public defender for the purposes of sound basis review after the defendant had filed his third motion to correct an illegal sentence. Id., at 268, 140 A.3d 927. Instead, the court clerk's office alerted a public defender, who reported to the court that it was his opinion that the defendant's motion "does not have sufficient merit." Id., at 252–53, 140 A.3d 927. The defendant objected and requested that the public defender state the specific grounds and reasoning on which he had formed his conclusion. Id., at 255, 140 A.3d 927. The trial court denied the request and subsequently denied the defendant's motion. Id.
In Francis , the defendant himself did not request counsel under Casiano . Instead, the court, sua sponte, inquired as to whether the defendant understood that he had the right to counsel under State v. Casiano , supra, 282 Conn. at 627–28, 922 A.2d 1065. See State v. Francis , supra, 322 Conn. at 252, 140 A.3d 927.
Consistent with the holding of Casiano , our Supreme Court in Francis outlined the following procedure to be used in a motion to correct an illegal sentence: "[W]hen an indigent defendant requests that counsel be appointed to represent him in connection with the filing of a motion to correct an illegal sentence, the trial court must grant that request for the purpose of determining whether a sound basis exists for the motion. ... If, after consulting with the defendant and examining the record and relevant law, counsel determines that no sound basis exists for the defendant to file such a motion, he or she must inform the court and the defendant of the reasons for that conclusion, which can be done either in writing or orally. If the court is persuaded by counsel's reasoning, it should permit counsel to withdraw and advise the defendant of the option of proceeding as a self-represented party." (Citation omitted; footnote omitted.) Id., at 267–68, 140 A.3d 927. The court concluded that the trial court's denial of counsel to represent the defendant constituted harmful error and remanded the case for further proceedings. Id., at 268–70, 140 A.3d 927.
In State v. White , 182 Conn. App. 656, 670, 191 A.3d 172, cert. denied, 330 Conn. 924, 194 A.3d 291 (2018), this court further outlined the role of appointed counsel in a motion to correct an illegal sentence under Casiano , and noted the dual roles of counsel in such circumstance. This court stated: "Perhaps the role can best be described by requiring traditional standards of advocacy in the preparatory stage, including thorough legal and factual review of the record with an eye to developing a plausible favorable position, but also requiring objective candor in presenting the client's best claims to the court and his client. A client may well not be pleased by his attorney's presentation of a negative appraisal, but this tension results from the dual nature of the role required by Casiano and Francis ...." Id.
With this background in mind, we turn to the specific facts at issue in the present case. The limited question on appeal is whether the defendant's reference to " State v. Casiano " in his motion to correct an illegal sentence constituted a request for counsel under § 51-296 (a) and State v. Casiano , supra, 282 Conn. 614, 922 A.2d 1065. We conclude that it did.
In his motion to correct an illegal sentence the defendant stated that his motion was made "[p]ursuant to ... State v. Casiano ...." The state argues that this cursory reference to Casiano did not constitute a request for counsel and could be read as supporting only a general reference to the filing of a motion to correct an illegal sentence. We disagree.
The central holding of Casiano is that, pursuant to § 51-296 (a), a self-represented defendant has the right to counsel to determine whether a sound basis exists for a motion to correct an illegal sentence. State v. Casiano , supra, 282 Conn. at 627, 922 A.2d 1065 ; see also State v. Francis , supra, 322 Conn. at 261, 140 A.3d 927. When a self-represented defendant specifically refers to " State v. Casiano " in a motion to correct an illegal sentence, we conclude that this reference is sufficient to constitute an affirmative request for counsel. In the present case, the court made no inquiry of the defendant as to his invocation of Casiano in his motion to correct an illegal sentence and instead summarily disposed of the motion without holding a hearing. In light of the case law set forth herein, we conclude that the court improperly denied the motion without appointing counsel and we remand the case so that counsel may be appointed to represent the defendant in accordance with Casiano .
The state contends that the defendant did not properly cite Casiano because he provided no citation to the reported decision, stating only "State v. Casiano ," and that this incomplete citation could not have put the court on notice that the defendant was actually referring to State v. Casiano , supra, 282 Conn. 614, 922 A.2d 1065. We find this argument unavailing given our "established policy ... to be solicitous of [self-represented] litigants"; (internal quotation marks omitted) State v. Cotto , 111 Conn. App. 818, 820, 960 A.2d 1113 (2008) ; and the fact that "Casiano " has become a well-known shorthand for a self-represented defendant's right to counsel to determine whether a sound basis exists for a motion to correct an illegal sentence.
The state additionally argues that, because the defendant did not file an application for appointment of counsel with his motion, the court could not have known that the defendant intended to invoke his right to counsel. The state contends that the "application [for appointment of counsel], or its functional equivalent, is the only avenue by which a court can determine ... whether a defendant seeks to avail himself of his statutory right to counsel ...." We disagree. An application for appointment of counsel is not required to be attached to a motion to correct an illegal sentence to properly notify the court that the defendant may wish to invoke his right to counsel.
In State v. Miller , 186 Conn. App. 654, 659, 200 A.3d 735 (2018), this court held that a trial court "is not authorized to dispose summarily of a motion to correct an illegal sentence," and concluded that a hearing is necessary before disposing of the motion. In that case, the defendant also raised the claim that the trial court failed to protect his right to counsel under Casiano . Id., at 655 n.1, 200 A.3d 735. This court did not address that claim, however, noting that "on remand the defendant will have an opportunity to obtain counsel from the trial court in accordance with Casiano ." Id., at 656 n.1, 200 A.3d 735.
The judgment is reversed and the case is remanded for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.