Defendant claims that, because this Court and the Court of Appeals previously have reviewed the sufficiency of search warrant affidavits de novo, the appellate courts of this state have adopted the de novo standard of review as a matter of state law. See, e.g., Nyce, 2006-NMSC-026, ¶ 8, 139 N.M. 647, 137 P.3d 587; State v. Gonzales, 2003-NMCA-008, ¶ 13, 133 N.M. 158, 61 P.3d 867. The State responds that, although there is "confusion surrounding the proper standard of review for warrants in New Mexico," deference must be afforded to the issuing court's determination of probable cause in order to effectuate the State's strong preference in favor of the warrant process.
However, we review the affidavit as the district court did, without the stale information concerning Cook's prior behavior and Cook and Defendant's former association with alleged methamphetamine manufacturers. See State v. Gonzales, 2003-NMCA-008, ¶ 13, 133 N.M. 158, 61 P.3d 867. DISCUSSION
This Court conducts the same review as the district court. State v. Gonzales, 2003-NMCA-008, ¶ 13, 133 N.M. 158, 61 P.3d 867. We limit our review to the contents of the affidavit and apply a commonsense reading, considering the document as a whole "to determine whether the issuing judge made an . . . independent determination of probable cause based on sufficient facts."
All of the items sought in the warrant were potentially connected with the assault and the child pornography described in the affidavit. See State v. Gonzales, 2003-NMCA-008, ¶ 34, 133 N.M. 158, 61 P.3d 867 (finding the search warrant sufficiently particular where all the items sought were potentially connected with the assault described in the affidavit); State v. Steinzig, 1999-NMCA-107, ¶ 39, 127 N.M. 752, 987 P.2d 409 (finding the search warrant sufficiently particular where the items described in the warrant were specifically related to the counterfeiting activity at defendant's home). We believe that these descriptions were sufficiently particular to instruct officers as to what items were to be seized from Defendant's residence.
Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 357, 88 S.Ct. 507, 19 L.Ed.2d 576 (1967). Probable cause to search a specific location exists when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a crime has been committed in that place, or that evidence of a crime will be found there. See State v. Gonzales, 2003-NMCA-008, ¶¶ 11-12, 133 N.M. 158, 61 P.3d 867. {11} Put another way, before a valid search warrant may issue, the affidavit must show: "(1) that the items sought to be seized are evidence of a crime; and (2) that the criminal evidence sought is located at the place to be searched."
We have specified that a magistrate court may issue a search warrant when "sufficient facts are presented in a sworn affidavit to enable the magistrate to make an informed, deliberate, and independent determination that probable cause exists." State v. Gonzales , 2003-NMCA-008, ¶ 11, 133 N.M. 158, 61 P.3d 867, abrogated on other grounds by State v. Williamson , 2009-NMSC-039, ¶ 29, 146 N.M. 488, 212 P.3d 376. {23} No case or rule in New Mexico is directly on point to help guide us in resolving this issue.
The warrant explicitly sought Defendant's cell phone and the data stored on the cell phone—items specifically connected with the crimes described in the affidavit. See State v. Gonzales , 2003-NMCA-008, ¶ 34, 133 N.M. 158, 61 P.3d 867 (holding that the description in the search warrant was sufficiently particular when the items sought "were potentially connected to the instrumentality of the assault described in the affidavit"), abrogated on other grounds by Williamson , 2009-NMSC-039, ¶ 29, 146 N.M. 488, 212 P.3d 376. A commonsense reading of the warrant and the accompanying affidavit would lead executing officers to search for Defendant's phone as well as images of the sexual encounters described in the affidavit and text messages Defendant sent to Female 1.
" State v. Gonzales, 2003-NMCA-008, ¶ 14, 133 N.M. 158, 61 P.3d 867.
, 2003-NMCA-008, ¶ 11, 133 N.M. 158, 61 P.3d 867, abrogated on other grounds by Williamson, 2009-NMSC-039, ¶ 29.
A search warrant may be issued when "sufficient facts are presented in a sworn affidavit to enable the [issuing court] to make an informed, deliberate, and independent determination that probable cause exists." State v. Gonzales , 2003-NMCA-008, ¶ 11, 133 N.M. 158, 61 P.3d 867, abrogated on other grounds by State v. Williamson , 2009-NMSC-039, ¶ 29, 146 N.M. 488, 212 P.3d 376. The issuing court "must have sufficient facts upon which to conclude that there is a reasonable probability that evidence of a crime will be found in the place to be searched." Id. ¶ 12.