Summary
In State v. Cooper, 420 So.2d 771 (Ala. 1982), a jury's award was between the highest and lowest values assigned to the condemned property by expert witnesses.
Summary of this case from Chandler v. StateOpinion
80-911.
October 15, 1982.
Appeal from the Circuit Court, Baldwin County, Harry J. Wilters, Jr., J.
H. Young Dempsey, Sp. Asst. Atty. Gen. and Bruce L. Aune, Mobile, for appellant.
James R. Owen of Owen Ball, Bay Minette, for appellees.
This is an appeal from a judgment entered on a jury verdict in an eminent domain proceeding in which Lilla Cooper was awarded the sum of $37,000 as damages for land taken for use as a right-of-way for public roads. We reverse.
The State urges that error occurred when certain testimony of an expert witness was admitted over timely objection. More specifically, that appellee's witness Petersen should not have been allowed to testify as to the sum of money paid the City of Robertsdale for its property located near that of Cooper because such sale was not a voluntary one but to the contrary was made under threat of condemnation. We agree.
The price paid for other property taken by the condemnor is not admissible to show how the appraiser arrived at the value of the property in question. Our cases are clear and consistent on this issue. In Leahy v. State, 214 Ala. 107, 106 So. 599 (1925), we held that the price obtained for other land subject to condemnation is in the nature of a "compromise settlement" and that evidence of the price of other land is "clearly incompetent." 214 Ala. at 108, 106 So. at 600.
Further, it is a well established rule in Alabama that in condemnation proceedings "the price paid by the condemnor for other lands which are to be used for the same purpose as the lands being condemned is inadmissible, and its admission is reversible error," State v. Hodge, 280 Ala. 422, 424, 194 So.2d 827, 829 (1967). See also, State v. United States Steel Corp., 410 So.2d 56 (Ala. 1982). The rationale behind this rule was articulated in United States ex rel. Tennessee Valley Authority v. Bailey, 115 F.2d 433 (5th Cir. 1940): "Such evidence complicates the record, confuses the issue, is misleading, and especially in condemnation cases, raises collateral issues as to the conditions under which such sales were made. . . ." 115 F.2d at 434.
The appellee argues that even if the trial court committed error by admitting Petersen's testimony regarding the price paid for property under threat of condemnation, the State did not suffer substantial injury from that erroneous ruling. We disagree.
There was a wide range of testimony presented concerning the value of Cooper's land. Those valuations ranged from a low of $14,150 to a high of $72,968. The testimony concerning other condemned land placed a value of $30,200 on similar land subject to condemnation. It appears that the jury's assessment of damages at $37,000 was probably substantially influenced by the testimony concerning other condemned land. Thus, the admission of this testimony does not constitute harmless error, Rule 45, A.R.A.P., and the judgment is due to be reversed and the cause remanded.
REVERSED AND REMANDED.
MADDOX, JONES, ALMON and BEATTY, JJ., concur.
FAULKNER, EMBRY and ADAMS, JJ., dissent.
SHORES, J., recused.
I must disagree with the majority. While it is a well established rule in Alabama that in condemnation proceedings the "price paid by the condemnor for other lands which are to be used for the same purpose as the lands being condemned is inadmissible and its admission is reversible error," State v. Hodge, 280 Ala. 422, 194 So.2d 827 (1967), such evidence was properly admitted in this case because it was one variable presented, among many, to show the method by which the appraiser arrived at the value of the subject property. Petersen supported his computations by discussing the values of surrounding and comparable lands. The accuracy of values he placed upon several of these comparable properties was questioned upon cross-examination. Admission of his testimony about the price paid the City of Robertsdale under threat of condemnation was offered not to show what its actual value was, but, as one of many variables, in order to arrive at what he considered a fair market value of the Cooper property. Whether a witness had an opportunity to form an accurate opinion about the value of property is a preliminary matter and is left largely to the discretion of the trial court. Only where it clearly appears that the ruling was unjust will that exercise of discretion be disturbed. State v. Benderson, 366 So.2d 276 (Ala. 1979). I find no abuse of discretion on the part of the trial court in this regard.
Even if the trial court committed error by admitting Petersen's testimony regarding the price paid for property under threat of condemnation, I do not see, in this case, that the State suffered substantial injury from that erroneous ruling. Rule 45, ARAP, Costarides v. Miller, 374 So.2d 1335 (Ala. 1979).
There is another basis that demonstrates the State suffered no substantial injury by the admission of the questioned testimony: that testimony concerning the price paid by the State for the City of Robertsdale property was just one bit of extensive other evidence that the jury considered in arriving at the amount of damages Cooper was entitled to be paid for the taking of her lands. Evidence presented by expert witnesses for both the State and Cooper placed the damages suffered by her at between $14,150 and $72,968; the jury assessed damages at $37,000.
When a jury verdict places the value of property within the range of the highest and lowest value put upon that property by expert witnesses, the conclusion of the trier of fact is to be given great weight. State v. Central of Georgia Railroad Co., 293 Ala. 675, 309 So.2d 452 (1975).
FAULKNER and ADAMS, JJ., concur.