Opinion
No. 1 CA-CR 91-292.
February 4, 1992.
Appeal from the Superior Court, Maricopa County, Cause No. CR 91-00449, Gregory H. Martin, J.
Grant Woods, Atty. Gen. by Paul J. McMurdie, Chief Counsel, Crim. Div., and Diane M. Ramsey, Asst. Atty. Gen., Phoenix, for appellee.
Dean W. Trebesch, Maricopa County Public Defender by Alex D. Gonzalez, Deputy Public Defender, Phoenix, for appellant.
OPINION
The sole issue on appeal is whether defendant, Victor Martin Beltran, was properly ordered to pay a 40% penalty assessment (surcharge) pursuant to Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. (A.R.S.) § 41-2403 as amended, or whether the trial court should have ordered him to pay a 37% surcharge as required by section 41-2403 when he committed the offense. We find that the trial court improperly required defendant to pay the surcharge required by the amended statute and remand with instructions.
Section 41-2403 provides that in addition to any other penalty assessment provided by law, there shall be levied a surcharge on every fine. At the time defendant committed the offense, November 12, 1989, the surcharge was 37%. However, effective October 1, 1990, the legislature increased the surcharge to 40%. Defendant entered into a plea agreement and the trial court sentenced him on February 20, 1991. As part of sentencing, the court ordered defendant to pay a $2,000.00 fine and a $800.00 surcharge, which represents 40% of the fine imposed. Presumably, the court ordered a 40% surcharge, rather than a 37% surcharge, because section 41-2403 became effective prior to sentencing.
Defendant argues that the court's order to pay a 40% surcharge violated the prohibition against ex post facto laws. The state concedes that imposition of a 40% surcharge may have been a violation of the prohibition against ex post facto laws if this court determines that the statute requiring the surcharge is substantive, rather than procedural, in nature.
To determine whether the increased surcharge imposed on defendant was an ex post facto law, we must determine whether the statute increasing the additional penalty is procedural or substantive in nature. We find that the law is substantive and accordingly, application of the amended statute was a violation of the prohibition against ex post facto laws.
In order for a law to be ex post facto, it must either make criminal that which was innocent when committed, increase the punishment or aggravate any crime previously committed, alter the rules of evidence by receiving less or different proof than required at the time of the commission or deprive the accused of a substantial right or immunity possessed at the time of commission. State v. Van Arsdale, 133 Ariz. 579, 653 P.2d 36 (App. 1982). Any additional or increased penalty provided for a crime after its commission is ex post facto within the constitutional prohibition. State v. Mendivil, 121 Ariz. 600, 592 P.2d 1256 (1979).
In State v. Weinbrenner, 164 Ariz. 592, 795 P.2d 235 (App. 1990) this court noted that the prohibition against ex post facto laws is deeply rooted in constitutional law. Citing Beazell v. Ohio, 269 U.S. 167, 46 S.Ct. 68, 70 L.Ed. 216 (1925) we explained that the prohibition against ex post facto laws "was intended to secure substantial personal rights against arbitrary and oppressive legislation, and not to limit the legislative control of remedies and modes of procedure which do not affect matters of substance." Weinbrenner, 164 Ariz. at 593, 795 P.2d at 236.
Thus, if the law in question merely changes procedural rights, it is not ex post facto. Id. Statutory changes are procedural if they have neither made criminal a previously innocent act nor aggravated a crime previously committed nor provided greater punishment nor changed proof necessary to convict. An ameliorative change, even if substantive, is one which fails to make a statute more onerous than the prior law. Knapp v. Cardwell, 667 F.2d 1253 (9th Cir. 1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1055, 103 S.Ct. 473, 74 L.Ed.2d 621 (1982).
The legislature has also clearly directed that defendant not be sentenced under laws amended after he committed the offense. A.R.S. § 1-246 provides: "When the penalty for an offense is prescribed by one law and altered by a subsequent law, the penalty of such second law shall not be inflicted for a breach of the law committed before the second took effect, but the offender shall be punished under the law in force when the offense was committed." See also State v. Scrivner, 125 Ariz. 508, 611 P.2d 95 (App. 1979).
Like a fine, which has been established as a criminal penalty, State v. Sheaves, 155 Ariz. 538, 747 P.2d 1237 (App. 1987), the surcharge on a fine is a criminal penalty. An analysis of section 41-2403 reveals that the surcharge is intended as a criminal penalty:
In addition to any other penalty assessment provided by law, there shall be levied a penalty assessment in an amount of forty per cent on every fine, penalty and forfeiture imposed and collected by the courts for criminal offenses. . . .
(Emphasis added.)
Here the change in the law is not ameliorative but substantive because the change increased the punishment for the offense committed. The change in the law has made the penalty defendant is required to pay more onerous. At the time defendant committed the offense, the statute required a 37% surcharge; at sentencing, the change in the law had become effective and the surcharge was 40%. Because the statute is substantive and it imposes additional punishment from that prescribed at the time the offense was committed, the trial court's order violated the prohibition against ex post facto laws and A.R.S. § 1-246. We therefore remand with instructions to the trial court to reduce the surcharge defendant is required to pay from 40% to 37%.
We have reviewed the record for fundamental error and found none. The judgment of conviction is affirmed. The sentence is affirmed as modified.
CLABORNE and EUBANK, JJ., concur.