Opinion
1305 CA 16-00751.
03-24-2017
Michael J. STACHOWSKI, as Guardian of the Property of Taquilo Castellanos, an Infant, Rogelio Castellanos, Jr., Individually, and as Parent and Natural Guardian of Taquilo Castellanos, an Infant, and Taquilo Castellanos, an Infant, Plaintiffs–Respondents, v. UNITED FRONTIER MUTUAL INSURANCE CO., Defendant–Appellant.
Kenney Shelton Liptak Nowak LLP, Buffalo (Adam R. Durst of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. Chelus, Herdzik, Speyer & Monte, P.C., Buffalo (Arthur A. Herdzik of Counsel), for Plaintiffs–Respondents Michael J. Stachowski, as Guardian of the Property of Taquilo Castellanos, an Infant, and Taquilo Castellanos, an Infant.
Kenney Shelton Liptak Nowak LLP, Buffalo (Adam R. Durst of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant.
Chelus, Herdzik, Speyer & Monte, P.C., Buffalo (Arthur A. Herdzik of Counsel), for Plaintiffs–Respondents Michael J. Stachowski, as Guardian of the Property of Taquilo Castellanos, an Infant, and Taquilo Castellanos, an Infant.
PRESENT: WHALEN, P.J., CENTRA, LINDLEY, DeJOSEPH, AND SCUDDER, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
Plaintiffs commenced this action seeking, inter alia, a declaration that defendant is obligated to defend and indemnify them in the underlying personal injury action arising out of a dog bite. Defendant disclaimed liability under the homeowner's policy issued to plaintiff Taquilo Castellanos (Taquilo) based upon the exclusion for canine-related injuries "caused by any dog ... owned, harbored, or in your care ... when such injury or damage is caused by ... [a]ny dog that has not had inoculations as required by law." Defendant appeals from a judgment that, inter alia, denied its motion for summary judgment and granted the cross motion of Taquilo and plaintiff Michael J. Stachowski, as guardian of the property of Taquilo (Stachowski) for summary judgment declaring that defendant is obligated to defend and indemnify Taquilo and Stachowski in the underlying action.
Pursuant to Insurance Law § 3420(d)(2), defendant was required to provide written notice of its disclaimer "as soon as [was] reasonably possible." Defendant had the burden of establishing the reasonableness of its approximately 12–week delay in providing the notice of disclaimer (see Nuzzo v. Griffin Tech., 222 A.D.2d 184, 189, 643 N.Y.S.2d 802, lv. dismissed 89 N.Y.2d 981, 656 N.Y.S.2d 739, 678 N.E.2d 1355, lv. denied 91 N.Y.2d 802, 666 N.Y.S.2d 564, 689 N.E.2d 534 ) and, here, it sought to justify the delay based upon its need for an investigation into issues bearing on its coverage decision (see First Fin. Ins. Co. v. Jetco Contr. Corp., 1 N.Y.3d 64, 69, 769 N.Y.S.2d 459, 801 N.E.2d 835 ).
"Normally the question whether a notice of disclaimer of liability or denial of coverage has been sent ‘as soon as is reasonably possible’ is a question of fact which depends on all the facts and circumstances, especially the length of and the reason for the delay ... It is only in the exceptional case that it may be decided as a matter of law" (Hartford Ins. Co. v. County of Nassau, 46 N.Y.2d 1028, 1030, 416 N.Y.S.2d 539, 389 N.E.2d 1061, rearg. denied 47 N.Y.2d 951, 419 N.Y.S.2d 1028, 393 N.E.2d 1051 ). This is not such an exceptional case. We thus conclude that, while Supreme Court properly denied defendant's motion, it erred in granting the cross motion of Taquilo and Stachowski. Issues of fact remain whether the "delay in disclaiming was reasonably related to [defendant's] performance of a prompt, diligent, thorough, and necessary investigation" into whether the dog had the inoculations required by law, i.e., a rabies vaccination (Matter of Country–Wide Ins. Co. v. Ramirez, 104 A.D.3d 850, 851, 961 N.Y.S.2d 511 ; see Admiral Ins. Co. v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 86 A.D.3d 486, 490, 927 N.Y.S.2d 629 ). We therefore modify the judgment accordingly.
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously modified on the law by denying the cross motion of plaintiffs Michael J. Stachowski, as guardian of the property of Taquilo Castellanos, and Taquilo Castellanos and vacating the declaration, and as modified the judgment is affirmed without costs.