Opinion
No. 87301. Released for Publication by Order of the Court of Appeals of Oklahoma, Division No. 3.
October 11, 1996. Certiorari Denied May 6, 1997.
Proceeding to Review an Order of the Workers' Compensation Court; Noma D. Gurich, Judge.
SUSTAINED.
Henry A. Meyer, III, Pray, Walker, Jackman, Williamson Marlar, Oklahoma City, for Petitioner.
Tom Leonard, Ponca City, for Respondents.
This review proceeding presents one legal issue for our consideration — the proper interpretation to be given 85 O.S.Supp. 1993 § 171[ 85-171]. Essentially, the question is: did the amendment of § 171 by the Legislature in 1993 effect a change in the definition of a physically impaired person?
Fund raised additional issues in its Petition for Review, such as the competency of Claimant's medical evidence and a contention that Fund was not bound by the Crumby finding made in the litigation between Claimant and his employer. However, Fund has not briefed those issues and we address only the issues discussed in Fund's brief. See Parks v. Kerr Glass, 880 P.2d 408 (Okla.App. 1994).
The Workers' Compensation trial court found-Claimant Tex Danny Richardson sustained 24.4 per cent permanent partial disability to the body as a whole from an employment-related low back injury sustained on July 6, 1994. The court also determined Claimant had a 35 per cent pre-existing disability because of prior back injuries sustained in 1978 and 1986. As a result of the combined effect of the pre-existing injuries, the 1994 injury, and the material increase caused by the combination of those injuries the trial court determined Claimant was permanently totally disabled and awarded Claimant appropriate benefits against the Special Indemnity Fund (Fund).
Fund claims Claimant was not entitled to benefits from Fund because Claimant was not a physically impaired person as that term is used in § 171 [ 85-171], and argues the trial court should not have used a Crumby finding as an adjudication of disability. Claimant argues that § 171 [ 85-171] now allows the trial court to determine pre-existing disability and that such disability may be a basis to proceed against Fund.
J.C. Penney Co. v. Crumby, 584 P.2d 1325 (Okla. 1978).
At the outset, we note that the liability of Fund under 85 O.S.Supp. 1992 § 172[ 85-172] is triggered if Claimant qualifies as a physically impaired person under § 171 [ 85-171] at the time of the 1994 injury. The definition of "physically impaired person" is found in § 171 [ 85-171], and if a claimant does not come within that definition, Fund is not liable for any disability compensation. Special Indemnity Fund v. Carson, 852 P.2d 157 (Okla. 1993).
Formerly, under § 171 [ 85-171], it was clear that a previous adjudication, not the mere existence of disability (with exceptions not involved here), was required for a person to qualify as a "physically impaired person." A pre-existing but unadjudicated disability could not render a person a "physically impaired person." See, e.g., Special Indemnity Fund v. Tyler, 369 P.2d 180 (Okla. 1961). After the decision in Crumby, which required the trial court to make findings regarding preexisting disabilities when determining an employer's liability for an injury pursuant to 85 O.S.Supp. 1977 § 22[ 85-22] (7), a question arose concerning whether such a determination of the preexisting disability, i.e. a Crumby finding, satisfied the requirements of § 171 to make the injured worker a "physically impaired person." In Carson, the Court held it did not, noting that "[a] Crumby finding is made contemporaneous with the adjudication of the subsequent injury and is not a previous adjudication as required by section 172 [ 85-172]." 852 P.2d at 159. However, the Legislature amended § 171 [ 85-171] approximately one month following the issuance of the mandate in Carson.
Fund argues that the statutory definition of a physically impaired person remains substantially the same after the amendment, any changes were de minimis, and prior judicial constructions of § 171 [ 85-171] remain viable. Claimant disagrees, arguing that after the amendment the trial court need only find a preexisting condition to exist to proceed against Fund, and a Crumby finding is sufficient to do that.
Formerly, § 171 [ 85-171] defined a "physically impaired person" as any person with "any disability which previously has been adjudged and determined by the Workers' Compensation Court including all separately adjudicated injuries and adjudicated occupational diseases even though arising at the same time." 85 O.S. 1991 § 171[ 85-171]. (Emphasis added). Effective September 1, 1993, the Legislature amended § 171 [ 85-171] so that the definition of a "physically impaired person" includes any person with "any pre-existing disability adjudged and determined by the Workers' Compensation Court or any disability resulting from separately adjudicated injuries and adjudicated occupational diseases even though arising at the same time." (Emphasis added).
In Carson, the claimant argued that prior cases were no longer applicable after 1986 amendments to the Workers' Compensation Act, but the Court stated:
The 1986 amendments did not change the requirement that the claimant had to be a "physically impaired person" nor did they change the requirement that, if the claimant had not suffered an enumerated loss, his disability must have been adjudicated prior to the subsequent injury for the Fund's liability to attach. 852 P.2d at 159.
The timing of the adjudication of the preexisting disability was the key to analysis in Carson, for the Court went on to reiterate: "Section [sic] 171 [ 85-171] and 172 [ 85-172] are the relevant statutes in the present case and require an enumerated loss or an adjudication of disability prior to the subsequent injury for the Fund's liability to attach." 852 P.2d at 159. (Emphasis added).
"[W]here a former statute is clear or its meaning has been judicially determined, legislative amendment may reasonably indicate a legislative intent to alter the law." Special Indemnity Fund v. Archer, 847 P.2d 791, 795 n. 5 (Okla. 1993). As argued by Fund, amendatory acts which retain the same or substantially similar language as provisions formerly in effect will be accorded the construction given the former provisions. Special Indemnity Fund v. Figgins, 831 P.2d 1379 (Okla. 1992).
However, the language in amended § 171 [ 85-171] as it relates to this issue is not the same or substantially similar to the language of the statute interpreted in Carson. The Legislature specifically deleted any temporal reference or modifier of "adjudged and determined" and placed such a modifier on "disability." Given the Legislature's choice of language and the timing of this amendment, we can only conclude that the Legislature intended to allow the Worker's Compensation Court to "adjudge and determine" the pre-existing disability at some time after the subsequent injury. Carson does not apply to cases governed by § 171 [ 85-171]as amended in 1993.
Finally, Fund argues that a Crumby finding does not qualify as an action by the Worker's Compensation Court which "adjudged and determined" a pre-existing disability. We disagree. In a similar context, the Court held in Dorris v. Continental Carbon Company, 717 P.2d 603 (Okla. 1986) that the Workers' Compensation Court "adjudicated" a pre-existing permanent disability when it made a Crumby finding.
On the issues preserved for review, Fund has not demonstrated that the order of the Workers' Compensation Court is contrary to law or unsupported by any competent evidence. Accordingly, the order is sustained.
SUSTAINED.
JONES, P.J., concurs.
I concur without reservation. However, the rule in this opinion does not apply when the previous disability has been adjudicated.