Opinion
Argued April 26, 1899
Decided June 6, 1899
C.S. Cary for appellant.
J.H. Waring for respondent.
This action was brought against the defendants as second indorsers upon a note, dated December 4th, 1891, whereby George Van Campen Sons, nine months after date promised to pay to the order of J.K. Van Campen, administrator, $2,000 at the First National Bank of Olean, N. Y., for value received. The note was indorsed by "J.K. Van Campen, administrator," as first indorser, and by "Weston Brothers" as second indorser. The defendant Abijah Weston alone answered, alleging that the indorsement of Weston Brothers was made for the accommodation of the makers, without consideration or authority, and that the plaintiff knew it when he took the note.
The firm of George Van Campen Sons was composed of George Van Campen, George Van Campen, Jr., and James K. Van Campen, but before said note was made George Van Campen had died, and the partnership was continued by the survivors under the old firm name. James K. Van Campen was administrator of the estate of George Van Campen, his father, and indorsed in that capacity.
The note in question was given to renew a similar note held by the plaintiff, which was the second or third of a series originating eighteen months or two years prior to the date of the last, each made and indorsed in the same way. The firm of Weston Brothers was composed of Abijah, Orren and William W. Weston, and William W. wrote the name of his firm on the back of these notes, for the first of which the plaintiff paid cash. From 1885 or 1886 until 1892 he indorsed in this way the paper of George Van Campen Sons for their accommodation to the amount of about $60,000. He also indorsed notes made by five other makers for their accommodation, and the paper was discounted at various banks, and was also purchased by individuals. The Van Campen paper, prior to the death of George Van Campen, was made payable to and indorsed by him as payee, and he disposed of it, but after his death it was made payable to and indorsed by James K. Van Campen, administrator, as payee, and was disposed of by him. Weston Brothers had no benefit from any of this paper, which was all used for the benefit of the various makers thereof, and the use of the firm name by William for the accommodation of others was without any express authority from his copartners. Evidence was given tending to show that these indorsements by William were made with the implied authority of the other members of the firm, but it was not conclusive and presented a question of fact. Although the conflict in the evidence was slight, different inferences were permitted, and it would have been the duty of the trial court to submit the question to the jury had not each party moved for the direction of a verdict in his favor. The court denied the motion of the plaintiff, who made no request to go to the jury, and granted the motion of the defendant, and the plaintiff excepted to each ruling. Upon appeal to the General Term the judgment entered upon the verdict dismissing the complaint was affirmed and the plaintiff now comes here.
As both parties moved for the direction of a verdict and neither asked to go to the jury, the case presented upon this appeal is the same in effect as if the cause had been duly submitted to the jury and they had found a verdict in favor of the defendant. As was said in Thompson v. Simpson ( 128 N.Y. 270, 283), "the effect of a request by each party for a direction of a verdict in his favor clothed the court with the functions of the jury, and it is well settled that in such case where the party whose request is denied, does not thereupon request to go to the jury on the facts, a verdict directed for the other party stands as would the finding of a jury, for the same party, in the absence of any direction, and the review in this court is governed by the same rules as apply in cases of ordinary verdicts rendered without any direction. All the controverted facts and all inferable facts in support of the judgment will be deemed conclusively established in favor of the party for whom the verdict was directed."
While upon the production of the note by the plaintiff and proof of the signatures of the parties thereto and of presentment and notice of dishonor, a prima facie case was established in his favor, as soon as it appeared that the note was indorsed outside of the firm business and without the authority of all the members, the burden of proof shifted, and in order to recover it was necessary for the plaintiff to show that he was a bona fide purchaser, or that the indorsement was authorized. ( Joy v. Diefendorf, 130 N.Y. 6; Canajoharie Nat. Bank v. Diefendorf, 123 N.Y. 191; Nickerson v. Ruger, 76 N.Y. 279; First Nat. Bank v. Green, 43 N.Y. 298.) It was not enough for him to prove simply that he paid value for the note before maturity, but it was necessary for him to go farther and show either that he had no knowledge, or notice equivalent to knowledge, that the indorsement was for the accommodation of the makers, or else that it was made with the authority of or was ratified by the other members of the firm. ( Vosburgh v. Diefendorf, 119 N.Y. 357; Bank of Rochester v. Bowen, 7 Wend. 159; Dob v. Halsey, 16 Johns. 34; Laverty v. Burr, 1 Wend. 529.) As the note was transferred to the plaintiff by one of the makers, who was also the payee and first indorser, the presumption arose that the second indorsement was made for the accommodation of some prior party to the note and threw the burden on the holder of showing that it was authorized. ( National Park Bank v. German-American, etc., Co., 116 N.Y. 281. ) The plaintiff knew he was dealing with one of the makers of the note when he took it from James K. Van Campen, and he also knew that Mr. Van Campen, either as maker or as first indorser, could not be expected to have possession of the note if it had passed through the firm of Weston Brothers in the ordinary course of business. He was, therefore, put upon inquiry, which, if made in the proper quarters, would, as it must be presumed, have disclosed the fact that the second indorsement was made without authority. ( Foot v. Sabin, 19 Johns. 154; Wilson v. Metropolitan Elevated Ry. Co., 120 N.Y. 145; Stall v. Catskill Bank, 18 Wend. 466; Gansevoort v. Williams, 14 Wend. 134; Joyce v. Williams, Id. 141; Wilson v. Williams, Id. 146.)
The plaintiff was not called as a witness, and it did not appear that he made any inquiry, or that he acted upon facts other than those stated. The fact that he took the note from the payee does not affect the principle, because the payee was the first indorser, and, in the usual course of business, would not have possession of a note indorsed by Weston Brothers as second indorsers. Such possession was notice, in the absence of explanation, that they had indorsed for the accommodation of the makers or the payee, and hence, not within the scope of the partnership business. The law upon the subject is well stated in Stall v. Catskill Bank ( supra), where the chancellor, speaking for the Court of Errors, said: "It is no part of the ordinary business of a mercantile firm to make or indorse notes as the sureties for third persons, or to pay the private debts of the individual partners, and of course there is no implied authority for one member to indorse or affix the name of the firm to negotiable paper, in which the partnership has no interest, for such purposes. If, therefore, it appears upon the face of the paper, that the partnership name is signed as a mere surety for some other person, the party who takes the note from such person has actual notice of the fact that it is not signed in the ordinary course of partnership business. He must, therefore, at his peril, make the necessary inquiries, and ascertain that there was some special authority for one partner to sign the partnership name as such surety, either express or implied. So, if the drawer of a note carries it to a bank to get it discounted on his own account, or transfers it to a third person with the name of a firm indorsed thereon, the transaction on its face shows that it is a mere accommodation indorsement, or the note would not be in the hands of the drawer; and the bank or person who receives it from the drawer, being thus chargeable with notice that the firm are mere sureties of the drawer, and that it has not passed through their hands in the ordinary course of partnership business, the members of the firm who have been made sureties without their consent, are not liable to such holder of the note."
We think the cases cited are conclusive, and leave nothing further to be said upon the subject.
The claim that the defendant was bound by long acquiescence in the course of his brother William, presented a question of fact, which, as already appears, was decided against the plaintiff, upon sufficient evidence to place it beyond our power in this case. That question reappears in the case of the Monongahela Bank v. Weston, where we can consider it without the embarrassment of a conclusive finding of fact.
As we find no reversible error the judgment appealed from should be affirmed, with costs.
All concur.
Judgment affirmed.