Opinion
No. 874.
December 12, 1915. Rehearing Denied January 5, 1916.
Appeal from District Court, Briscoe County; R. C. Joiner, Judge.
Petition for habeas corpus by J. E. Long against S. B. Smith and another. Judgment for petitioner, and defendants appeal Affirmed.
Martin, Kinder, Russell Zimmermann, of Plainview, for appellants. K. Ewing Bain, of Silverton, for appellee.
J. E. Long filed his petition for writ of habeas corpus against Smith and his wife, Martha Smith, for the custody of his child, Aline Long, which was tried in the district court of Briscoe county, March 25, 1915, and judgment entered giving appellee, Long, the custody and possession of his child, Aline Long. Long is the father of the child, and S. B. Smith and Martha Smith, the grandfather and grandmother of the child. The mother of the child was the daughter of Smith and wife. The mother died while the child was very young. The appellee in this case instituted a former proceeding for the custody of the child, and the district court at that time rendered judgment, giving the appellants the custody of the child on the 27th day of March, 1913, decreeing —
"the custody of the child, Aline Long, to be and remain with S. B. Smith and wife, Martha Smith, until further order of this court."
The trial court upon that occasion filed conclusions of fact in which he states:
"I find that relator, J. E. Long, is at this time less than 21 years of age, not settled in life, and possessing the habits and characteristics of the usual boy of his age."
Also the facts brought out in that trial — "show relator to be lacking in a sense of responsibility and just appreciation of his duties as a father, and to be unable and unfit at this time to take care of an infant of tender years."
The appellee here appealed from the former judgment to this court, which will be found reported, Long v. Smith, 162 S.W. 25. It will be noted that this court then regarded the order theretofore rendered as temporary. The proposition is now advanced by appellants that the issues involved in this case were adjudicated against appellee and relator, and that there has since been no material change affecting the interests and welfare of the child. The child at the former trial was only 18 months old, while at the hearing on this trial was near 4 years old. The relator was then less than 21 years of age, while on this trial he was 23 years old. At that time he had no home; at this time he has a 2-year lease on his mother's farm and house, which is shown to be a good house; that his mother now lives with him and has entered into an agreement to take care of his child. He also now has a deed to 160 acres of land, some horses, hogs, cattle, and an interest in his mother's cattle, farming implements, and at the time of the trial below had 300 acres planted and prepared for planting a crop. The evidence will warrant the finding that he settled down to steady work and habits, and that he remains home at night, and that he loves his child and is generally kind to children, and that they are fond of him. He is shown to be a good worker, industrious, and trustworthy, and that his boyish roughness has been largely overcome, and that he has broken himself of the habit of swearing. The court was authorized to find that the condition of the child would be as favorable with the father as with the maternal grandparents; that the grandparents are living on rented property, and the house in which they live is nothing like as good as the one provided by the father of the child.
The question on both trials was: Who is best suited to care for the welfare of the child? Wilson v. Elliott, 96 Tex. 472, 73 S.W. 946, 75 S.W. 368, 97 Am.St.Rep. 928. We saw no reason on a former trial to disturb the judgment of the trial court; neither do we find any reason at this time for disturbing the judgment upon the last trial. It is apparent that the court only regarded the evidence and facts occurring since the former trial, and the present condition of the parties was only considered, and the judgment based thereon. Estoppel by former judgment continues only when the circumstances are the same at the last trial as at the former. We think the change in the circumstances and conditions of the parties is sufficiently marked to authorize the trial court to enter a different judgment. Wilson v. Elliott, supra; Pittman v. Byars, 51 Tex. Civ. App. 83, 112 S.W. 102; Patton v. Shapiro, 154 S.W. 687; Hall v. Whipple, 145 S.W. 308; Ex parte Fuller, 123 S.W. 204.
The father is the natural guardian of the child, and ordinarily is entitled to its custody, unless it is manifest to the court that the father is unworthy or incompetent to discharge the obligation. The presumption is in favor of the father; this presumption the facts in this case do not rebut. The years since the former trial the father has grown into manhood and his evident affection for his child has aroused an earnest effort to reform his hitherto uncouth manner, and he has seriously gone to work and by steady efforts prepared a home for his little daughter, where she may be with him and his affection for her may be reciprocated. This worthy motive on his part should be encouraged.
The case is affirmed.