Opinion
March, 1912.
Ver Planck, Prince Flanders (Henry A. Prince, of counsel), for appellant.
Walter Underhill, for respondent.
The action was for rent. The plaintiff was the assignee of the Singer Manufacturing Company, a foreign corporation. The verdict of the jury established the fact that the defendant was liable for the rent sued for. The correctness of this determination is not disputed upon this appeal. The complaint alleged that the plaintiff's assignor was a foreign corporation, but neither the complaint nor the answer alleged that the plaintiff's assignor was doing business in this State. The plaintiff is a foreign corporation and duly procured from the Secretary of State of New York the certificate prescribed by section 15 of the General Corporation Law. A motion to set aside the verdict and for a new trial was entertained by the learned court below "upon the sole ground that it was an error not to permit the defendant to show that plaintiff's assignor was a foreign corporation doing business within this State at the time the lease, the subject of the action, was made without complying with section 15 of the General Corporation Law." Upon this ground alone the court set aside the verdict and ordered a new trial. The learned court below took this action upon the supposed authority of Wood Selick v. Ball, 190 N.Y. 217.
We do not think that the case cited is authority for the action taken by the court below. That case, as we understand it, is authority merely for the proposition that where a foreign stock corporation sues, which is "doing business in this State" compliance with section 15 must be alleged as a condition precedent to its right to maintain the action, and that, when the complaint fails to contain such an allegation, it fails to state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, and that such an objection is not waived by the failure to raise it by demurrer or answer. We do not understand that that case intended by construction to extend the legislative provision. The purpose of that case was to affirm the necessity for observing that statutory provision. Assuming that the plaintiff in this action stands in no better position than its assignor, it does not follow that, because the plaintiff's assignor is a foreign corporation, it was doing business in this State. The statute applies only to the case (1) of a foreign stock corporation, (2) doing business in this State and (3) suing on a contract made in New York. Unless all of these elements are present the statute has no application. There is no allegation in the proceedings that the plaintiff's assignor was doing business in New York. Certainly there is no presumption that the plaintiff's assignor was doing business in this State merely because it was a foreign corporation.
As was well said by Mr. Justice Gerard in Singer Mfg. Co. v. Granite Spring Water Co., 66 Misc. 595: "The foreign corporation may be presumed to be a stock corporation (Portland Co. v. Hall Grant Const. Co., 123 A.D. 495), but it cannot be presumed that because it is a foreign stock corporation it is doing business in this State."
Where it does not appear, either from the complaint or the proofs, that the foreign stock corporation is doing business in this State and the defendant seeks to avoid the cause of action alleged on the ground that such corporation was doing business in this State, it can do so only by pleading this new matter by way of defense and sustaining it by proof. Fuller Co. v. Schrenk, 58 A.D. 222; affd., 171 N.Y. 671; St. George Vineyard Co. v. Fritz, 48 A.D. 233; Parmele Co. v. Haas, 171 N.Y. 579, 583; Eclipse Silk Mfg. Co. v. Hiller, 145 A.D. 568.
It follows that, in the absence of such a defense being pleaded and it not appearing either from the complaint or the plaintiff's evidence that the plaintiff's assignor was doing business in this State, the court below correctly excluded evidence offered by the defendant on this point, and that the court erred in setting aside the verdict of the jury.
GUY and BIJUR, JJ., concur.
Order reversed, with costs, and verdict reinstated, with costs.