Opinion
2015-09903. Index No. 5474/12.
08-23-2017
Alex SINCLAIR, appellant, v. CITY OF NEW YORK, et al., respondents.
Rubert & Gross, P.C., New York, NY (Soledad Rubert of counsel), for appellant. Zachary W. Carter, Corporation Counsel, New York, NY (Pamela Seider Dolgow and Janet L. Zaleon of counsel), for respondents.
Rubert & Gross, P.C., New York, NY (Soledad Rubert of counsel), for appellant.
Zachary W. Carter, Corporation Counsel, New York, NY (Pamela Seider Dolgow and Janet L. Zaleon of counsel), for respondents.
CHERYL E. CHAMBERS, J.P., ROBERT J. MILLER, BETSY BARROS, and FRANCESCA E. CONNOLLY, JJ.
Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court, Queens County (Phyllis Orlikoff Flug, J.), entered May 18, 2015. The order, insofar as appealed from, denied the plaintiff's cross motion for summary judgment on the issue of liability on the first, second, fourth, and sixth causes of action.
ORDERED that the order is affirmed insofar as appealed from, with costs.
On the morning of March 24, 2011, the plaintiff was arrested at his home in Queens. The officers who arrested the plaintiff informed him that they had a warrant for his arrest, handcuffed him, and transported him to the 113th precinct station house. The plaintiff remained at the precinct for a number of hours before being transported to Central Booking. In the early morning hours of March 25, 2011, the plaintiff was released, without being arraigned, and subsequently received a letter from the Queens County District Attorney's office explaining that he was not being charged. Thereafter, he learned that someone who had been pickpocketed days earlier had identified him as the perpetrator while viewing mug shots on the police computer photo manager system. The detective handling the case, Brian Heerey, prepared an "iCard" directing the warrant squad to locate and arrest the plaintiff. It is undisputed that no arrest warrant was ever issued.
The plaintiff commenced this action against the City of New York and Heerey, asserting causes of action to recover damages for, inter alia, assault and battery (first cause of action) false arrest and false imprisonment (second cause of action), malicious prosecution (fourth cause of action), and violation of the plaintiff's civil rights pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (sixth cause of action).
The defendants moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint and the plaintiff cross-moved for summary judgment on the issue of liability on the first, second, fourth, and sixth causes of action. The Supreme Court denied the motion and cross motion. The plaintiff appeals from so much of the order as denied his cross motion. We affirm.
The plaintiff's submissions in support of his cross motion failed to eliminate the existence of triable issues of fact as to whether there was probable cause to arrest him. The existence of probable cause constitutes a complete defense to a cause of action alleging false arrest and false imprisonment (see Semmig v. Charlack, 143 A.D.3d 802, 803, 39 N.Y.S.3d 72 ; Batten v. City of New York, 133 A.D.3d 803, 805, 20 N.Y.S.3d 160 ; Paulos v. City of New York, 122 A.D.3d 815, 817, 997 N.Y.S.2d 452 ; see also De Lourdes Torres v. Jones, 26 N.Y.3d 742, 759, 27 N.Y.S.3d 468, 47 N.E.3d 747 ), including a cause of action asserted pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 to recover damages for the deprivation of Fourth Amendment rights under color of state law, which is the federal-law equivalent of a state common-law false arrest cause of action (see Betts v. Shearman, 751 F.3d 78, 82 ; see also Jenkins v. City of New York, 478 F.3d 76, 84 ). Similarly, the existence of probable cause also constitutes a complete defense to a cause of action alleging malicious prosecution (see Batten v. City of New York, 133 A.D.3d at 805, 20 N.Y.S.3d 160 ) and the federal-law equivalent of a state common-law malicious prosecution cause of action (see Manganiello v. City of New York, 612 F.3d 149, 160–161 ). Finally, with respect to the cause of action to recover damages for assault and battery, since the plaintiff failed to eliminate the existence of triable issues of fact regarding whether the arrest was supported by probable cause, there are triable issues of fact as to whether any contact occurred during an unlawful arrest (see Smolian v. Port Auth. of N.Y. and N.J., 128 A.D.3d 796, 800, 9 N.Y.S.3d 329 ; Rodgers v. City of New York, 106 A.D.3d 1068, 1069, 966 N.Y.S.2d 466 ; Wyllie v. District Attorney of County of Kings, 2 A.D.3d 714, 718, 770 N.Y.S.2d 110 ; Johnson v. Suffolk County Police Dept., 245 A.D.2d 340, 341, 665 N.Y.S.2d 440 ).
The plaintiff's submissions in support of his cross motion failed to eliminate triable issues of fact as to whether Heerey should have questioned the victim's credibility or made further inquiry prior to having the plaintiff arrested, and thus, whether there was probable cause to arrest the plaintiff (see Fortunato
v. City of New York, 63 A.D.3d 880, 880–881, 882 N.Y.S.2d 195 ; Fausto v. City of New York, 17 A.D.3d 520, 521–522, 793 N.Y.S.2d 165 ; Carlton v. Nassau County Police Dept., 306 A.D.2d 365, 761 N.Y.S.2d 98 ). Since this is not a case where there is no real dispute as to the facts or the proper inferences to be drawn therefrom (see Parkin v. Cornell Univ., 78 N.Y.2d 523, 529, 577 N.Y.S.2d 227, 583 N.E.2d 939 ; Semmig v. Charlack, 143 A.D.3d at 803, 39 N.Y.S.3d 72: Fausto v. City of New York, 17 A.D.3d at 521, 793 N.Y.S.2d 165 ), the Supreme Court properly denied the plaintiff's cross motion for summary judgment on the issue of liability on his causes of action to recover damages for assault and battery, false arrest and false imprisonment, malicious prosecution, and violation of his civil rights pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (see Fortunato v. City of New York, 63 A.D.3d at 880–881, 882 N.Y.S.2d 195 ; Fausto v. City of New York, 17 A.D.3d at 521–522, 793 N.Y.S.2d 165 ; Carlton v. Nassau County Police Dept., 306 A.D.2d at 366, 761 N.Y.S.2d 98 ).