In this appeal, we decide whether the Sixth Amendment Confrontation Clause and Crawford apply at a preliminary examination, and the proper review is de novo. Sheriff v. Spagnola, 101 Nev. 508, 510, 706 P.2d 840, 842 (1985).Rosky v. State, 121 Nev. 184, 190. 111 P.3d 690, 694 (2005); Camacho v. State, 119 Nev. 395, 399, 75 P.3d 370, 373 (2003).
Appellate courts of other states have applied similar language in reviewing a trial court's grant or denial of a petition for a writ of habeas corpus. See Sheriff of Clark County v. Spagnola, 101 Nev. 508, 706 P.2d 840, 842 (1985) (per curiam) (limited to review of whether district court committed substantial error in granting relief). The federal courts of appeal review de novo the lower court's decision to grant or deny a petition for a writ of habeas corpus.