Summary
In Seyler v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 97 Pa.Cmwlth. 302, 509 A.2d 438 (1986), this Court held a parolee engaged in assaultive behavior when he disciplined his stepson by striking him with a belt.
Summary of this case from Flowers v. Bd. of Probation ParoleOpinion
May 16, 1986.
Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole — Assaultive behavior — Child abuse — Revocation proceeding — Discretion of Board.
1. Permissible corporal punishment administered by a parent becomes malicious abuse when the parent acts with malicious intent in inflicting punishment upon a child. [304]
2. Statutes and rules of criminal law are not directly applicable in parole revocation proceedings, and child abuse guidelines for state agencies investigating allegations of child abuse are not directly applicable to revocation proceedings wherein the parolee is charged with engaging in assaultive behavior violative of parole conditions. [305]
3. The Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole does not abuse its discretion in revoking a parole for violation of a condition prohibiting the parolee from engaging in assaultive behavior upon a showing that the parolee disciplined a stepson by strapping him with a belt although criminal charges arising from the incident were dismissed. [306]
Submitted on briefs March 24, 1986, to Judges CRAIG and PALLADINO, and Senior Judge BARBIERI, sitting as a panel of three.
Appeal, No. 2951 C.D. 1985, from the Order of the Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, in case of Barron M. Seyler, Parole No. 7337-G.
Parolee recommitted as technical parole violator. Parolee appealed to the Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole for administrative relief. Relief denied. Parolee appealed to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania. Held: Affirmed.
Frederick I. Huganir, Assistant Public Defender, for petitioner.
Arthur R. Thomas, Assistant Chief Counsel, with him, Robert A. Greevy, Chief Counsel, for respondent.
Barron Seyler petitions for review of an order of the Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole denying him administrative relief from a board recommitment order. The board revoked the petitioner's parole because of two technical parole violations under section 21.1 of the Pennsylvania Board of Parole Act, and the board accordingly returned the petitioner to prison to serve eighteen months' backtime.
Section 21.1 of the Act of August 6, 1941, P.L. 861, added by Section 5 of the Act of August 24, 1951, as amended. 61 P. S. § 331-21 (b).
On February 13, 1979, the board had granted the petitioner parole from a four-to-fifteen-year sentence which he had been serving for burglary, theft and criminal conspiracy.
On January 19, 1985, the West Cocalico Township Police arrested the petitioner on charges of assaulting his stepson. Also on that day, the board filed a warrant charging that the petitioner had violated parole condition 3(c) by failing to notify his parole officer within seventy-two hours of a change in employment status, and that he had violated parole condition 5(c) by failing to refrain from assaultive behavior. A district justice later dismissed the criminal charges against the petitioner.
The board held a violation hearing on May 19, 1985. The petitioner conceded that he had failed to give his probation officer timely notice of his change in employment, but he insisted that he had refrained from engaging in any assaultive behavior. The board determined that the petitioner had violated both conditions and recommitted him for the multiple violations.
The issue is whether substantial evidence supports the board's determination that the petitioner had engaged in assaultive behavior.
This court's scope of review in parole recommitment cases is to determine whether the order is in accordance with law, whether the necessary factual findings are supported by substantial evidence, and whether the petitioner's constitutional rights were violated. Chapman v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 86 Pa. Commw. 49, 484 A.2d 413 (1984).
The board based its decision on the parole officer's testimony and the petitioner's testimony. The parole officer testified that, during an interview on the day after his arrest, the petitioner admitted whipping his stepson with a belt and striking him across the face. The petitioner testified at the hearing that he spanked his stepson with a belt but not to the point of causing detrimental harm.
In Pennsylvania, parents may use corporal punishment in disciplining their children as long as the force used does not create a substantial risk of death, serious bodily injury, disfigurement, extreme pain or mental distress or gross degradation. 18 Pa. C. S. § 509(1). However, permissible corporal punishment becomes malicious abuse when the parent acts with malicious intent in punishing the child. Boland v. Leska, 308 Pa. Super. 169, 454 A.2d 75 (1982).
The petitioner argues that the board had the burden of proving that the petitioner acted with malicious intent when he struck his stepson with a belt. However, the burden of proving malicious intent belonged to the police, Children and Youth Services, and the stepson's school. The board's role was to determine whether the petitioner had violated a general condition of his parole by failing to refrain from assaultive behavior.
The petitioner attempts to overcome the axiom that provisions and rules of criminal law are not directly applicable to board recommitment actions by citing Appeal of E. S., 82 Pa. Commw. 168, 474 A.2d 432 (1984), for the proposition that 18 Pa. C. S. § 509 is applicable to all administrative proceedings and therefore must be applied in this revocation proceeding. In Appeal of E. S., this court held that the 18 Pa. C. S. § 509 provisions were the appropriate guidelines applicable to Children and Youth Services, the state administrative agency responsible for investigating and evaluating allegations of child abuse. That holding cannot be interpreted to apply to all state administrative agencies, regardless of their duties, when an incident of corporal punishment is presented as evidence on an unrelated matter.
In Barlip v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 45 Pa. Commw. 458, 405 A.2d 1338 (1979), this court stated that there is a crucial distinction between being deprived of rights enjoyed as a citizen and a limitation upon those rights incident to the granting of parole.
There is no dispute that the petitioner had the right to discipline his stepson with a belt as long as his actions were not harmful or malicious. Similarly, the parole petitioner in Michael v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 85 Pa. Commw. 173, 481 A.2d 711 (1984), also had the right to carry a knife with a 3 1/2-inch blade because it did not fall within the Crimes Code description of a weapon. However, for parole purposes, the board determined that the petitioner's possession of that otherwise legal-sized knife constituted a violation of the general condition of refraining from owning or possessing any weapons. In reviewing that recommitment order, this court deferred to the board's interpretation of the word "weapon" in the absence of a specific code provision definition. As in Michael, the board's regulations do not contain a specific definition of the phrase "assaultive behavior."
The board has broad discretion in parole matters. In reviewing the board's actions, this court will not interfere unless the exercise of that discretion is arbitrary or an abuse of discretion. Marsh v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 86 Pa. Commw. 482, 485 A.2d 853 (1984).
Moreover, an agency's interpretation of its own regulations will control unless clearly erroneous. Michael, at 175, 481 A.2d at 712. Here, the petitioner disciplined his stepson by strapping him with a belt as a means of corporal punishment to the extent that the police, the school and Children and Youth Services were involved. "It is well within the broad discretion of the Board to demand strict compliance with the terms of its conditions, and to punish for any noncompliance, regardless of the reasons therefor." Marsh at 485, 485 A.2d at 854. The board's decision that the petitioner's actions violated his parole condition to refrain from assaultive behavior, supported by substantial evidence, is not clearly erroneous.
Accordingly, we will affirm the board's recommitment order.
ORDER
NOW, May 16, 1986, the order of the Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, Parole No. 7337-G, dated September 16, 1985, denying administrative relief to Barron M. Seyler, is affirmed.