No. 13-02-610-CR
Opinion delivered and filed June 24, 2004. DO NOT PUBLISH. Tex.R.App.P. 47.2(b).
On appeal from the 36th District Court of San Patricio County, Texas.
Before Chief Justice VALDEZ and Justices RODRIGUEZ and GARZA.
Opinion by Justice RODRIGUEZ.
Appellant, Ipolito Sepeda a/k/a Paul Sepeda, was tried before a jury and convicted of aggravated robbery. The jury sentenced appellant to fifty years imprisonment. The trial court has certified that this "is not a plea-bargain case, and the defendant has the right of appeal." See TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2). By two issues, appellant contends that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support a finding that he committed the aggravated robbery and that he used or exhibited a deadly weapon. We affirm.
I. FACTS
As this is a memorandum opinion and the parties are familiar with the facts, we will not recite them here except as necessary to advise the parties of the Court's decision and the basic reasons for it. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4. II. AGGRAVATED ROBBERY
Appellant challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence to support the jury's findings that he committed the aggravated robbery and that he used or exhibited a deadly weapon. A. Standard of Review 1. Legal Sufficiency
In a legal sufficiency review, this Court must examine the evidence presented in the light most favorable to the verdict and determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense present beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979); Young v. State, 14 S.W.3d 748, 753 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000). In making this determination, the reviewing court considers all the evidence admitted that will sustain the conviction, including improperly admitted evidence. Conner v. State, 67 S.W.3d 192, 197 (Tex.Crim. App. 2001). Questions concerning the credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony are to be resolved by the trier of fact. Mosley v. State, 983 S.W.2d 249, 254 (Tex.Crim.App. 1998). A jury "as the sole judge of the weight and credibility of the evidence" is free to accept or reject any evidence "even if that evidence was uncontradicted." Wilkerson v. State, 881 S.W.2d 321, 324 (Tex.Crim.App. 1994) (citing Vanderbilt v. State, 629 S.W.2d 709, 716 (Tex.Crim. App. 1981)). Evidence is not rendered insufficient when conflicting evidence is introduced. Matchett v. State, 941 S.W.2d 922, 936 (Tex.Crim.App. 1996). The reviewing court must assume that the fact finder resolved conflicts, including conflicting inferences, in favor of the verdict, and must defer to that resolution. Id. On appeal, we measure the legal sufficiency of the evidence in a jury trial by the elements of the offense as defined by a hypothetically correct jury charge for the case. See Malik v. State, 953 S.W.2d 234, 240 (Tex.Crim.App. 1997); Poindexter v. State, 115 S.W.3d 295, 298 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 2003, pet. denied). This hypothetically correct jury charge would set out the law, be authorized by the indictment, not necessarily increase the State's burden of proof or necessarily restrict the State's theories of liability, and adequately describe the particular offense for which the defendant was tried. Malik, 953 S.W.2d at 240; see Curry v. State, 30 S.W.3d 394, 404 (Tex.Crim. App. 2000). 2. Factual Sufficiency
We also measure the factual sufficiency of the evidence by the elements of the offense as defined by a hypothetically correct jury charge for the case. See Adi v. State, 94 S.W.3d 124, 131 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 2002, pet. ref'd) (discussing application of "hypothetically correct jury charge" analytical construct in context of factual-sufficiency review in case tried to jury). In reviewing the factual sufficiency of the elements of the offense on which the State carries the burden of proof, we impartially examine all of the evidence and set aside the verdict only if "proof of guilt is so obviously weak as to undermine confidence in the jury's determination, or the proof of guilt, although adequate if taken alone, is greatly outweighed by the contrary proof." Swearingen v. State, 101 S.W.3d 89, 97 (Tex.Crim. App. 2003) (citing Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d 1, 11 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000)). In our factual sufficiency review, we are again required to accord due deference to the jury's determinations on the weight and credibility of the evidence and may not merely substitute our own judgment. Swearingen, 101 S.W.3d at 97; Johnson, 23 S.W.3d at 7; Mosley, 983 S.W.2d at 254. B. Applicable Law
A person commits robbery if, in the course of committing a theft, he intentionally or knowingly places another in imminent fear of bodily injury or death. See Tex. Pen. Code Ann. § 29.02(a)(2) (Vernon 2003). A person commits aggravated robbery if he commits a robbery and uses or exhibits a deadly weapon. See id. § 29.03(a)(2). A deadly weapon is anything that in the manner of its use or intended use is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury. See id. § 1.07(a)(17)(B) (Vernon Supp. 2004). C. Analysis
At trial, the victim, Diana Casanova, testified that appellant entered the store while she was alone and asked when the store would close. According to Casanova's testimony, appellant left the store but returned approximately fifteen minutes later wearing the same clothes and a bandana covering part of his face. Casanova stated appellant then held a sharp object to her neck and demanded she give him all of the store's money. Casanova reported she feared for her life. Appellant fled after Casanova complied with his demand but was caught a short distance away by the police. He was brought back to the store where Casanova positively identified him as the robber. Although appellant was apprehended without any incriminating evidence in his possession, the record shows that the police recovered clothing and a bandana that matched the robber's apparel, a knife, and a small amount of money along the path between the store and the location where appellant was apprehended. 1. Legal Sufficiency Analysis
Reviewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, see Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319, we conclude that the jury could have found the elements of the aggravated robbery beyond a reasonable doubt. See TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. § 29.02(a)(2). Any rational trier of fact could have found that Casanova identified appellant as the person who committed the aggravated robbery. The victim spoke with appellant fifteen minutes before the robbery. Appellant left, returning only to have changed his appearance by adding a bandana around part of his face. The fact finder could also have found beyond a reasonable doubt that the sharp object used in the robbery was a deadly weapon, given Casanova's testimony that appellant held the item to the back of her neck, applied pressure, and she felt the point. See Dominique v. State, 598 S.W.2d 285, 285-86 (Tex.Crim. App. 1980) (finding the sharp instrument defendant held to victim's throat qualified as a deadly weapon); Madden v. State, 628 S.W.2d 161, 162 (Tex. App.-Eastland 1980, pet ref'd) (finding the screwdriver that defendant pushed up against victim's stomach qualified as a deadly weapon). 2. Factual Sufficiency Analysis
Furthermore, based on the evidence presented above, we conclude that the proof of guilt is not so obviously weak as to undermine confidence in the jury's determination. See Swearingen, 101 S.W.3d at 97. While appellant's counsel contends that Casanova was emotionally distraught when she identified the defendant in the back of the patrol car, Casanova did recognize appellant as the robber based on their initial encounter fifteen minutes before the robbery. Also, while no evidence was presented that links the recovered knife with appellant, Casanova testified that appellant held a sharp object to her neck causing her to fear for her life. Appellant's counsel provided no contradicting evidence that would greatly outweigh the jury's verdict. See Swearingen, 101 S.W.3d at 97. The evidence is therefore legally and factually sufficient to uphold the jury's verdict. Appellant's first and second issues are overruled. III. CONCLUSION
Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.