Opinion
Docket No. 205256.
Submitted June 3, 1998, at Grand Rapids.
Decided November 20, 1998, at 9:40 A.M.
Foster, Swift, Collins Smith, PC. (by Scott A. Storey and Stephen J. Rhodes), for the plaintiff.
Potter Girodat, LLP (by George E. Potter), for the defendant.
This case involves a dispute between two insurance companies over a subrogation claim for property damage to a home owned by plaintiff's insureds. Plaintiff alleged that the home sustained fire damage as a result of a power surge caused by electric lines that fell on the home's service line when a motorist insured by defendant struck a utility pole. Plaintiff appeals as of right from an order granting summary disposition in favor of defendant on the ground that the claim was barred by the one-year statute of limitations under the no-fault property damage statute, MCL 500.3145(2); MSA 24.13145(2). We affirm.
The automobile accident and fire occurred on March 2, 1996. Plaintiff's general adjuster sent a notice of claim on May 3, 1996. Defendant acknowledged the notice, but in a letter dated June 4, noted that "the police accident report makes no mention of the fire which you are alleging our insureds started," and requested further information regarding the cause of the fire. In a July 26, 1996, letter, defendant requested an estimated total claim. Plaintiff then forwarded an August 28, 1996, "cause and origin" report from an electrician and, in late January 1997, notified defendant of the total amount of the property damage. In a February 3, 1997, telephone conversation, defendant's adjuster told plaintiff's adjuster that plaintiff should file a lawsuit for the claim.
Plaintiff filed its complaint for damages on April 1, 1997, thirteen months after the accident and fire. Defendant moved for summary disposition based on subsection 3145(2) of the no-fault act, MCL 500.3145(2); MSA 24.13145(2), which provides that "[a]n action for recovery of property protection insurance benefits shall not be commenced later than 1 year after the accident." Plaintiff maintained that the statute was tolled by plaintiff's notice of claim and the parties' negotiations. The trial court rejected plaintiff's position, citing United States Fidelity Guaranty Co v. Amerisure Ins Co, 195 Mich. App. 1; 489 N.W.2d 115 (1992), and dismissed the case with prejudice.
In USFG, p 6, this Court concluded that notice to a no-fault insurer of a claim for property protection benefits does not toll the one-year period of limitation set forth at MCL 500.3145(2); MSA 24.13145(2) during the parties' settlement negotiations. As recognized by the trial court, USFG is binding precedent under Administrative Order No. 1994-4, 445 Mich. xci [now MCR 7.215 (11)], and compels the conclusion that plaintiff's complaint in this case was time-barred. Plaintiff seeks to avoid that result by arguing that the USFG panels decision was mere dicta, not subject to the administrative order or court rule, and that a pre-Administrative Order case, Preferred Risk Mut Ins Co v. State Farm Mut Automobile Ins Co, 123 Mich. App. 416; 333 N.W.2d 303 (1983), governs this case. We disagree. The controlling issue in both USFG and Preferred Risk was whether the one-year statute of limitations contained in MCL 500.3145(2); MSA 24.13145(2) could be tolled by notice letters sent to a no-fault insurer. USFG held that it could not, contrary to the decision of the Preferred Risk panel. The USFG holding was no more "dicta" than was the Preferred Risk holding plaintiff seeks to have applied. The trial court properly concluded that USFG is binding and that under that case plaintiff's complaint was time-barred. Furthermore, we are not persuaded that USFG was wrongly decided or that we should adopt the conflicting holding of Preferred Risk under the procedure of MCR 7.215(H).
Relying on Cincinnati Ins Co v. Citizens Ins Co, 454 Mich. 263; 562 N.W.2d 648 (1997), plaintiff contends that defendant should be equitably estopped from asserting the statute of limitations as a bar to plaintiff's action. As did the trial court, we conclude that Cincinnati is clearly distinguishable from this case.
In Cincinnati, a motorist insured by Citizens Insurance Company struck a medical building occupied by Cincinnati's insured in February 1992. Cincinnati notified Citizens of its subrogation claim the following month. Cincinnati apparently understood that the claim would be paid upon receipt of acceptable documentation of the loss. In January 1993, Cincinnati submitted documentation of property and contents losses to Citizens and requested payment. Cincinnati also advised Citizens that it was, still in the process of adjusting its insured's business interruption claim and would forward documentation and request for payment upon documenting that claim. Approximately two weeks later, Citizens informed Cincinnati that it did not want to process the property damage part of the claim separately from the business loss claim. Cincinnati agreed to a deferred payment, and in May and June 1993, after the business loss claim was settled, it requested a check for the entire claim. In August 1993, Citizens refused to pay on the subrogation claim because Cincinnati had allowed the one-year statute of limitations, MCL 500.3145(2); MSA 24.13145(2), to expire. See Cincinnati, supra, pp 264-267.
On these facts, the Supreme Court concluded that it "would be unjust to allow Citizens to assert the statute of limitations where Cincinnati . . . acted in apparent good faith and for the convenience of Citizens to defer [its] demand for payment" until its insured's entire loss had been documented. Id., p 271 (emphasis in the original). The Court further noted that the "record indicates that Cincinnati proceeded as it did at the request of Citizens." Id., pp 271-272 (emphasis in the original). Finding "ample evidence that Cincinnati . . . was justified in relying, and did rely, on the representations of Citizens . . . that the subrogation claim would be processed without difficulty, once all the documentation was complete," id., p 272, the Court concluded that Citizens was estopped from asserting the statute of limitations as a bar to Cincinnati's action. Id., pp 272-273.
Unlike the situation in Cincinnati, in this case there is no evidence that defendant made assurances that payment would be made upon proper documentation, that the parties agreed to cooperate in the processing of the claim, or that defendant induced plaintiff to defer its request for payment beyond one year after the accident and fire. Instead, defendant informed plaintiff that it had questions concerning the cause of the fire, and, approximately one month before the expiration of the one-year period, informed plaintiff that it would not settle the case. Defendant's conduct could not have lulled plaintiff into believing that its claim would be honored after the statutory period as in Cincinnati, nor could it have left plaintiff with no alternative but to file its action after the statutory period.
To prevail on its estoppel theory, plaintiff had to establish that defendant induced it to refrain from bringing an action within the period fixed by statute. Bohlinger v. DAIIE, 120 Mich. App. 269, 274-275; 327 N.W.2d 466 (1982). There is no indication that defendant's conduct influenced plaintiff's failure to bring its action before the expiration of the statutory period. Having given plaintiff a month in which to timely file suit, defendant was not estopped from raising the statute of limitations as a bar to plaintiff's cause of action.
Affirmed.