Opinion
A91A0636.
DECIDED JULY 9, 1991. RECONSIDERATION DENIED JULY 23, 1991.
Action for damages. Glynn Superior Court. Before Judge Knox.
Karsman, Brooks Callaway, Stanley M. Karsman, D. Campbell Bowman, Jr., for appellant.
George M. Rountree, Eugene Highsmith, for appellees.
R. L. Holtzendorf and Agnes Holtzendorf brought suit against Malcolm Seckinger and others for fraud, misrepresentation, and civil conspiracy allegedly arising out of a real estate transaction. Seckinger answered and counterclaimed for abusive litigation, seeking attorney fees, expenses of litigation, and $1 million in damages to his peace, happiness, and feelings. The trial court granted Seckinger's motion for summary judgment as to the Holtzendorfs' complaint, and we affirmed in Holtzendorf v. Seckinger, 195 Ga. App. 177 ( 393 S.E.2d 13) (1990). Subsequently, the trial court granted the Holtzendorfs' motion for summary judgment on Seckinger's abusive litigation counterclaim, and he appeals.
We note that Seckinger's counterclaim for abusive litigation (as distinguished from his claim for attorney fees and expenses of litigation under OCGA § 9-15-14, see Jones v. Bienert, 197 Ga. App. 554, 556 ( 398 S.E.2d 830) (1990) was filed with his answer in February 1988, prior to the effective date of OCGA § 51-7-80 et seq. See OCGA § 51-7-85.
Appellant contends that because the trial court granted his motion for summary judgment on appellees' complaint and that ruling was affirmed in this court, the trial court erred when it subsequently granted appellees' motion for summary judgment on appellant's abusive litigation counterclaim. The Supreme Court in Porter v. Felker, 261 Ga. 421 ( 405 S.E.2d 31) (1991) has overruled the principle set forth in a line of cases in this court that the denial of a defendant's motion for summary judgment on the plaintiff's complaint constitutes a "binding determination," id. at 422 (2), that the plaintiffs claim did not lack substantial justification. See, e.g., Contractors' Bldg. Supply v. Gwinnett Sash Door, 199 Ga. App. 38, 41 (4) ( 403 S.E.2d 844) (1991); Felker v. Fenlason, 197 Ga. App. 476, 477 (2) ( 398 S.E.2d 754) (1990); Reynolds v. First Port City Bank, 196 Ga. App. 63 (2) ( 395 S.E.2d 262) (1990); Bouchard v. Fowler, 193 Ga. App. 697-698 ( 388 S.E.2d 874) (1989); Biosphere Indus. v. Oxford Chemicals, 190 Ga. App. 613, 614-615 ( 379 S.E.2d 555) (1989). Because trial courts are not "infallible" when determining whether questions of fact exist on motions for summary judgment, Porter, supra at 422 (2), a trial court's ruling on a defendant's motion for summary judgment on a plaintiff's complaint does not control the merits of a subsequent motion for summary judgment on the defendant's abusive litigation counterclaim arising out of the filing of that complaint. Id.
While this court has not explicitly addressed the converse of the situation in Porter, i.e., the impact of the grant of a defendant's motion for summary judgment on a plaintiff's complaint on a subsequent motion for summary judgment as to the defendant's abusive litigation counterclaim, we have implicitly done so in cases upholding the grant of summary judgment to a plaintiff on the defendant's abusive litigation counterclaim while also affirming the grant of summary judgment to the defendant on the plaintiff's complaint. E.g., Guernsey Petroleum Corp. v. Data Gen. Corp., 183 Ga. App. 790 ( 359 S.E.2d 920) (1987) (physical precedent); Howell v. Bank of Fitzgerald, 181 Ga. App. 57 ( 351 S.E.2d 258) (1986). The holdings in those cases are consistent with Porter, supra, in the implicit recognition that in ruling on motions for summary judgment as to plaintiffs' complaints, trial courts are not "infallible" and must not be bound by the earlier summary judgment rulings when addressing the merits of claims for relief for abusive litigation. Id. at 422 (2).
Accordingly, this court's holding in Holtzendorf, supra, that there was "no evidence" to support appellees' claim, did not extend beyond an affirmance of the grant of summary judgment in appellant's favor and did not amount to a finding, binding on the trial court, that appellees' case was wholly without merit. The recitation in an appellate decision that there was "no evidence" adduced to create a genuine issue of material fact on motion for summary judgment does not invoke any magical determination that the defendant obtaining the summary judgment is also entitled to judgment on his or her abusive litigation counterclaim, as demonstrated by the holdings in Guernsey Petroleum, supra at 792 (2) (a) and Howell, supra at 58, both of which reflect a finding by a court of "no evidence." Appellant fails to recognize that the grant of a motion for summary judgment on the plaintiff's complaint establishes only that as to one essential element of the plaintiff's claim, the plaintiff failed to adduce evidence that a genuine issue of material fact exists, notwithstanding any issue of material fact regarding any other essential element. See OCGA § 9-11-56; Porter, supra at (1). The amount of evidence adduced by the parties necessarily varies in each case, and thus a ruling that the plaintiff failed to produce evidence creating a particular issue of material fact cannot be dispositive of the issue whether filing the complaint constituted abusive litigation. Instead, each case must be individually scrutinized in order to make that determination.
In his counterclaim seeking attorney fees, expenses of litigation, and $1 million in damages to his peace, happiness, and feelings, appellant alleged that appellees' complaint contained such a complete absence of any justiciable issue of law or fact that it could not reasonably be believed that the court would accept the asserted claims and that it lacked substantial justification and was imposed for delay or harassment. See OCGA § 9-15-14; Yost v. Torok, 256 Ga. 92 ( 344 S.E.2d 414) (1986). "Where the issue of abusive litigation can be determined as a matter of law, summary judgment is an appropriate remedy. [Cit.]" Webb v. State Auto. Mut. Ins. Co., 198 Ga. App. 609, 611 ( 402 S.E.2d 352) (1991). Thus, appellees, as abusive litigation counterclaim defendant/movants, were entitled to a grant of their motion for summary judgment upon a showing to the court "that any essential element [of appellant's counterclaim], under any theory of recovery, [was] missing and incapable of proof." Porter, supra at (1).
The record that existed on appellant's motion for summary judgment on appellees' complaint reveals hotly contested versions of what the parties considered to have transpired in the complex real estate transaction which was the subject of appellees' claim (summarized in Holtzendorf, supra). Given that the law requires only slight circumstances to establish fraud and conspiracy, see OCGA § 23-2-57; Grainger v. Jackson, 122 Ga. App. 123, 127 ( 176 S.E.2d 279) (1970), we cannot agree with appellant that appellees' claims, especially their attempt to broaden the parameters of civil conspiracy, were not sufficient to present a justiciable issue of fact or law under OCGA § 9-15- 14 (b), see Lane v. K-Mart Corp., 190 Ga. App. 113, 115-116 ( 378 S.E.2d 136) (1989) (Sognier, J., concurring specially), or lacked substantial justification under OCGA § 9-15-14 (b) and Yost, supra at 96 (13). Furthermore, appellees filed an affidavit in which they averred that they are not lawyers and have no legal training; that in bringing suit against appellant, they acted on the legal advice of their counsel that they had a good case against appellant; and that they felt justified in relying on the advice of their counsel because of his previous positions as city attorney, state court judge, and a law assistant for the Georgia Court of Appeals. Appellant introduced no additional evidence to controvert this affidavit. Compare Wheat v. First Union Nat. Bank, 196 Ga. App. 26, 27-28 (2) ( 395 S.E.2d 351) (1990).
Under the record before the trial court, the trial judge was authorized to find as a matter of law that appellees had pierced an essential element of appellant's abusive litigation claim and were thus entitled to the grant of summary judgment thereon. Wheat, supra. Compare Woodall v. Hayt, Hayt Landau, 198 Ga. App. 624, 626 ( 402 S.E.2d 359) (1991).
Judgment affirmed. Andrews, J., concurs. McMurray, P. J., concurs in the judgment only.