Opinion
No. 88-30
Opinion delivered May 31, 1988
1. JUDGMENT — SUMMARY JUDGMENT — GRANTED ONLY WHEN THERE IS NO GENUINE ISSUE OF MATERIAL FACT. — Summary judgment is an extreme remedy which will be granted only when there is no genuine issue of material fact. 2. JUDGMENT — SUMMARY JUDGMENT — STANDARD OF REVIEW. — The burden of proving that there is no genuine issue of fact is upon the moving party, and on review all proof submitted is viewed in the light most favorable to the party resisting the motion and any doubts and inferences are resolved against the moving party. 3. NEGLIGENCE — DEFINITION — NEGLIGENCE INCLUDES A REQUIREMENT OF FORESEEABILITY. — Negligence is defined as the failure to do something which a reasonably careful person would do or the doing of something a reasonably careful person would not do under the circumstances; to constitute negligence, the act must be one from which a reasonably careful person would foresee an appreciable risk of harm to others so as to cause him not to do the act or to do it in a more careful manner; there must be a showing that the negligent act proximately caused the damages sustained and that the damages were reasonably foreseeable before the negligent act may be used as the basis to recover damages. 4. NEGLIGENCE — FORESEEABILITY — INJURIES THAT COULD NOT HAVE BEEN REASONABLY FORESEEN. — Where appellant alleged his injuries resulted when a truss fell because a co-worker suffered a black-out or fainting spell as a result of injuries caused by a shock sustained from a defective electrical outlet, the co-worker's injuries might have been foreseeable, but the appellant's injuries could not have been reasonably foreseen by the appellee.
Appeal from Pulaski Circuit Court; Tom F. Digby, Judge; affirmed.
Lesly W. Mattingly, for appellants.
Matthews Sanders, by: Marci Talbot Liles, for appellee.
This is an appeal from the trial court's granting of the appellee's motion for summary judgment in appellants' tort cause of action. Appellants' sole point for reversal is that the trial court erred in its ruling that there were no genuine issues of fact to be determined and that the appellants were not entitled to recover from the appellee as a matter of law. We find no error, and therefore we affirm.
Appellant John Scully and a co-worker, Bruce A. Jones, were performing construction work on appellee's property when Jones was injured by a shock he sustained from a defective electrical outlet. Almost three weeks later, Jones, while putting up trusses with Scully, suffered a black-out or fainting spell allegedly caused by his injuries from the electrical shock. When Jones blacked out he lost control of the truss causing it to fall, knocking Scully to the floor and injuring him. Scully and his wife filed suit against the appellee for the damages arising from his injuries.
For purposes of this appeal, the parties agreed that the electrical outlet was defective.
[1, 2] As we have stated numerous times, summary judgment is an extreme remedy which will be granted only when there is no genuine issue of material fact. See, e.g., Ford v. Cunningham, 291 Ark. 56, 722 S.W.2d 567 (1987). In reviewing the granting of summary judgment, this court has stated that the burden of proving that there is no genuine issue of fact is upon the moving party. All proof submitted must be viewed in the light most favorable to the party resisting the motion and any doubts and inferences must be resolved against the moving party. Id.
In order to prove liability in this tort case, appellants must allege and show that appellee committed a negligent act and that the negligent act was the proximate cause of the injury. Appellants have failed in both respects, but we need only limit our discussion to the negligence issue.
Negligence is defined as the failure to do something which a reasonably careful person would do, or the doing of something which a reasonably careful person would not do, under circumstances similar to those shown by the evidence. St. Mary's Hosp. v. Bynum, 264 Ark. 691, 573 S.W.2d 914 (1978), citing AMI Civil 2d, 301. To constitute negligence, an act must be one from which a reasonably careful person would foresee such an appreciable risk of harm to others as to cause him not to do the act, or to do it in a more careful manner. Id. We have held that before a negligent act may be used as the basis to recover damages, there must be a showing that the negligent act proximately caused the damages sustained and that such damages were reasonably foreseeable. Dongary Holstein Leasing, Inc. v. Covington, 293 Ark. 112, 732 S.W.2d 465 (1987); see also Jordan v. Adams, 259 Ark. 407, 533 S.W.2d 210 (1976); Missouri Pacific R. R. Co. v. Johnson, 198 Ark. 1134, 133 S.W.2d 33 (1939).
When considering the definition of negligence, specifically the foreseeability requirement, as applied to the undisputed facts in this case, we believe only one conclusion can be reached, viz., John Scully's injuries could not have been reasonably foreseen by the appellee. If the question posed here were whether Jones's, not Scully's, injury was foreseeable, the answer clearly would be yes, since any person, who provided a faulty electrical outlet, could have reasonably anticipated a worker using that outlet might sustain an injury. Here, however, Scully's injuries were not caused by appellee's defective electrical outlet, but instead his injuries allegedly resulted from a truss that fell on Scully because Jones purportedly blacked-out from the electrical shock he sustained three weeks earlier. On these facts, we are unwilling to hold Scully's injuries were the result of appellee's negligence.
Because we agree with the trial court's finding that appellants were not entitled to a recovery from the appellee as a matter of law, we affirm the court's decision granting appellee's motion for summary judgment and dismissing this cause.