Opinion
ED CV 22-874 PA (SPx)
05-26-2022
Maria Sanchez v. DSV Solutions, LLC, et al.
PRESENT THE HONORABLE PERCY ANDERSON, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL
Proceedings: IN CHAMBERS - COURT ORDER
The Court is in receipt of a Notice of Removal filed by defendant DSV Solutions, LLC (“Defendant”). (Docket No. 1.) The Removal alleges the Court possesses jurisdiction over this action pursuant to the Class Action Fairness Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1332 (“CAFA”). (Id.)
Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction, having subject matter jurisdiction only over matters authorized by Congress and the Constitution. Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co., 511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994). A suit filed in state court may be removed to federal court if the federal court would have had original jurisdiction over the suit. 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a). A removed action must be remanded to state court if the federal court lacks subject matter jurisdiction. Id. § 1447(c). “The burden of establishing federal jurisdiction is on the party seeking removal, and the removal statute is strictly construed against removal jurisdiction.” Prize Frize, Inc. v. Matrix (U.S.) Inc., 167 F.3d 1261, 1265 (9th Cir. 1999). “Federal jurisdiction must be rejected if there is any doubt as to the right of removal in the first instance.” Gaus v. Miles, Inc., 980 F.2d 564, 566 (9th Cir. 1992).
Federal subject matter jurisdiction may be based on diversity of citizenship pursuant to CAFA. See 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d)(2). To invoke diversity jurisdiction pursuant to CAFA, it must be established that at least one plaintiff and one defendant are citizens of different states, and that the aggregate amount in controversy exceeds $5,000,000 exclusive of interests and costs. Id. “[U]nder CAFA the burden of establishing removal jurisdiction remains, as before, on the proponent of federal jurisdiction.” Abrego Abrego v. The Dow Chem. Co., 443 F.3d 676, 685 (9th Cir. 2006) (per curiam). “The notice of removal ‘need include only a plausible allegation that the amount in controversy exceeds the jurisdictional threshold,' and need not contain evidentiary submissions.” Fritsch v. Swift Transp. Co. of Ariz., LLC, 899 F.3d 785, 788 (9th Cir. 2018) (quoting Dart Cherokee Basin Operating Co., LLC v. Owens, 574 U.S. 81, 82 (2014)). However, “[i]f the amount in controversy is not clear from the face of the complaint, ‘the defendant seeking removal bears the burden to show by a preponderance of the evidence that the aggregate amount in controversy exceeds $5 million when federal jurisdiction is challenged.” Id. at 788-89 (quoting Ibarra v. Manheim Invs., Inc., 775 F.3d 1193, 1197 (9th Cir. 2015)). “Along with the complaint, [courts] consider allegations in the removal petition, as well as ‘summary-judgment-type-evidence related to the amount in controversy at the time of removal.'” Id. at 793 (quoting Kroske v. U.S. Bank Corp., 432 F.3d 976, 980 (9th Cir. 2005)). “Under this system, a defendant cannot establish removal jurisdiction by mere speculation and conjecture, with unreasonable assumptions.” Ibarra, 775 F.3d at 1197.
In the Notice of Removal, Defendant alleges that the amount in controversy exceeds $5,000,000. (Removal ¶¶ 18-46.) Defendant relies upon the underlying Complaint, which alleges that Defendant occasionally and from time to time failed to: pay all compensation due upon separation, issue accurate wage statements, provide legally meal compliant meal and rest breaks, and pay minimum wage. (Id. ¶¶ 28-40 (citing Compl. ¶¶ 37, 45-46, 52, 66-67, 75, Docket No. 1-1).) Defendant also points to Plaintiff's requests for attorneys' fees and costs. (Id. ¶¶ 41-45.)
Upon initial review, Defendant's Notice of Removal appears to be deficient because it contains unsupported assumptions. Defendant does not present facts to support each of the assumed violation rates used in Defendant's calculations. Defendant identifies the total number of putative class members, the average hourly pay rate, and the total number of workweeks. Defendant then jumps to the conclusion that, because Plaintiff alleges Defendant intentionally and willfully committed violations, a an arbitrarily selected but conservative violation rate for every potential class member is reasonable. Although Defendant “may draw reasonable inferences from the complaint and from the evidence submitted in connection with the removal of the complaint . . . [Defendant is] not permitted to pull violation rates out of thin air.” Sanchez v. WaveDivision Holdings, LLC, 18-CV-02439, 2018 WL 3343589, at *1 (N.D. Cal. July 9, 2018) (remanding case and finding defendant's declaration was “missing the most important information for estimating the amount in controversy: the likely violation rates”); Garibay v. Archstone Communities, LLC, 539 Fed.Appx. 763, 764 (9th Cir. 2013) (affirming district court's order remanding case based on failure to show $5 million amount in controversy, finding the defendant improperly “assume[d] that each employee would be entitled to the maximum statutory penalty, but provide[d] no evidence supporting that assertion.”).
For this reason, the Court hereby orders Defendant to show cause in writing why this case should not be remanded for lack of subject matter jurisdiction because Defendant has failed to show, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the amount in controversy requirement for CAFA jurisdiction has been met. Defendant's response to this Order to Show Cause shall be filed no later than June 10, 2022.
IT IS SO ORDERED.