Opinion
Docket No. 74333.
Decided January 3, 1985.
Glotta, Adelman, Dinges Riley, P.C. (by Chui Karega), for plaintiff.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Louis J. Caruso, Solicitor General, and George L. McCargar and Thomas R. Wheeker, Assistants Attorney General, for defendant.
Plaintiff, an employee of Northville Regional Psychiatric Hospital (a division of the Department of Mental Health), was injured in July, 1979, when a patient at the hospital assaulted him. He received workers' compensation benefits coordinated with "assault pay" pursuant to § 113 of the Mental Health Code, MCL 330.1113; MSA 14.800(113). In December, 1979, however, plaintiff's workers' compensation benefits were terminated. Defendant thereafter terminated plaintiff's benefits under § 113, since that section provides that supplemental benefits shall only be paid as long as an employee is receiving workers' compensation benefits.
From July, 1979, to December, 1979, plaintiff was on leave of absence from his position at Northville Regional Psychiatric Hospital. In December, 1979, plaintiff requested an extension of that leave of absence, claiming he was still unable to return to work. An extension was granted until March, 1980. At the expiration of that extension, another extension was sought by plaintiff, but it was denied and plaintiff was separated from his employment when he did not return to work.
Thereafter, in April, 1980, plaintiff filed a petition for hearing with the Bureau of Workers' Disability Compensation. On February 17, 1981, defendant was ordered to pay workers' disability compensation benefits to plaintiff, 70% of which plaintiff received during the pendency of the appeal from that decision, pursuant to MCL 418.862; MSA 17.237(862); however, no supplemental "assault pay" benefits were paid. Plaintiff's entitlement to workers' compensation benefits is presently pending in a separate appeal and is not at issue here. At issue is plaintiff's entitlement to "assault pay".
At the time plaintiff was terminated, he failed to file a grievance challenging his separation from employment. Accordingly, upon defendant's motion for accelerated judgment, the Court of Claims held that plaintiff had failed to exhaust his administrative remedies and, therefore, was precluded from bringing suit in the Court of Claims. The Court of Claims also intimated that it was without jurisdiction to entertain plaintiff's claim, i.e., that the circuit court was the proper forum to contest a claim for "assault pay". This appeal has ensued.
MCL 330.1113; MSA 14.800(113) provides as follows:
"A person employed by the department who is injured as a result of an assault by a recipient of mental health services shall receive his full wages by the department until workmen's compensation benefits begin and then shall receive in addition to workmen's compensation benefits a supplement from the department which together with the workmen's compensation benefits shall equal but not exceed the weekly net wage of the employee at the time of the injury. This supplement shall only apply while the person is on the department's payroll and is receiving workmen's compensation benefits and shall include an employee who is currently receiving workmen's compensation due to an injury covered by this section. Fringe benefits normally received by an employee shall be in effect during the time the employee receives the supplement provided by this section from the department." (Emphasis added.)
Plaintiff initially argues that jurisdiction over the instant case is vested in the Court of Claims, pursuant to MCL 600.6419; MSA 27A.6419, which empowers such court to hear and determine all claims "ex contractu and ex delicto" against the state or any department thereof. Plaintiff concludes that the present dispute falls within both jurisdictional categories: the claim is contractual because the "assault pay" is part of the contract of employment between plaintiff and defendant, and it is also a tort claim inasmuch as defendant has tortiously denied plaintiff a statutory benefit. We disagree.
As defendant correctly argues, this Court has previously indicated that § 113 benefits are not "awardable under the employment contract", but rather, are statutory benefits. Oakley v Dep't of Mental Health, 122 Mich. App. 638, 642; 332 N.W.2d 552 (1983). Although plaintiff cites Thomas v Parker Rust Proof Co, 284 Mich. 260, 266; 279 N.W. 504 (1938), and Grand Rapids v Crocker, 219 Mich. 178; 189 N.W. 221 (1922), for the analogous proposition that the provisions of the workers' compensation statute become a part of the employment contract, we are not convinced of the continuing validity of these cases since they dealt with the workers' compensation statute at a time when it was elective; that is, both the employer and the employee had the option of electing not to be subject to the provisions of the act. In any event, a claim for assault pay benefits, standing alone, is not necessarily controlled by the status of workers' compensation benefits.
Furthermore, we agree with defendant that, even if assault pay benefits are considered part of the contract of employment, § 113 does not divest the circuit court of jurisdiction over a dispute concerning such benefits. A dispute over workers' compensation benefits does not entitle the claimant to bring a contract action in the Court of Claims. Rather, there is a statutorily-prescribed administrative process which must be followed. Thereafter, appeal from an order of the Workers' Compensation Appeal Board is by leave to the Court of Appeals and Supreme Court. See MCL 418.847; MSA 17.237(847) through MCL 418.861; MSA 17.237(861). Thus, plaintiff's attempt to analogize the instant situation to a workers' compensation dispute avails him little. The Court of Claims does not have jurisdiction over those matters, even if the provisions of the workers' compensation statute are considered part of the employment contract with the state.
More importantly, there is no procedural or jurisdictional provision concerning only § 113 which posits jurisdiction in the Court of Claims. In this connection, the circuit court has original jurisdiction over all matters unless prohibited by law; and divestiture of such jurisdiction "cannot be accomplished except under clear mandate of the law". Wikman v Novi, 413 Mich. 617, 645; 322 N.W.2d 103 (1982). In the absence of any clear expression to the contrary, we hold that the Court of Claims was without jurisdiction to entertain plaintiff's suit.
As to plaintiff's contention that this case is also a tort claim, the complaint in this matter does not bear this out. Furthermore, this issue was not asserted below and, therefore, is not considered here.
We next turn to the actual ruling below, namely, that plaintiff's failure to exhaust his administrative remedies precludes judicial review of his claim. We agree.
Although Oakley v Dep't of Mental Health, supra, held that, "[w]hen seeking a benefit which is not awardable under the employment contract, such as a constitutional or statutory right, a public employee does not have to exhaust [his] grievance remedies under the collective-bargaining agreement", 122 Mich. App. 642, that case does not apply here. In Oakley, the claimant did not contest the propriety of her discharge, nor did she challenge her entitlement to assault pay benefits for the period of time after her employment had been terminated, both of which plaintiff contests in the instant case. Instead, she challenged the department's position that, even in order to receive benefits up until the point of termination, she was required to exhaust administrative remedies with respect to her entitlement to such benefits. The Oakley Court rejected this contention based in part on the fact that the right was statutory (not contractual). The department also maintained that the fact that the claimant was not then on the payroll precluded her from receiving benefits for the period when she was on the payroll. This contention was also rejected for the reason that the statutory language requiring the claimant to be "on the payroll" was not read to mean on the payroll at the time benefits were sought. The claimant was found entitled to benefits until the time she was terminated.
In Jesse v Dep't of Mental Health, 130 Mich. App. 350; 343 N.W.2d 548 (1983), we held that the Legislature did not intend for employees who were unable to work due to a situation covered by the assault pay statute to remain on the department's payroll indefinitely. We further stated that:
"[w]e do not find defendant's practice of terminating an employee after 100 weeks of disability to be a violation of the spirit or language of the statute. Had defendant taken this action after a shorter, less reasonable period, our holding might be different." 130 Mich. App. 353.
Jesse, however, also did not challenge the propriety of the claimant's termination, but rather, only the fact that she was terminated while still receiving workers' compensation benefits. There, we held that the continuing receipt of workers' compensation benefits did not automatically require that assault pay be continued. The instant case proceeds one step further in challenging the propriety of plaintiff's termination. Under the circumstances presented, we believe that defendant was required to exhaust his administrative remedies through the appropriate grievance machinery.
While it is not exactly clear whether plaintiff is challenging the propriety of his termination or merely the fact that he was terminated, it is clear from the Jesse case that plaintiff need not be given assault pay indefinitely and that the mere fact that plaintiff continues to receive workers' compensation benefits is not dispositive. Accordingly, since plaintiff stated below that he "was not able to return to work, despite the fact that he was separated for refusing to return to work", we view this as a challenge to the propriety of the decision to terminate, i.e., whether defendant was justified in dismissing plaintiff for his failure to return to work upon request.
We noted in Jesse that termination after a "less reasonable" period of time might affect the outcome. In this connection, an improper termination would obviously also affect the outcome. However, even if plaintiff could not personally grieve his termination through the civil service grievance procedure, as he maintains, he should have asserted his rights, if any, through the contractual grievance procedure and AFSCME Council 25, the exclusive bargaining representative of plaintiff's bargaining unit. The Civil Service Commission is a constitutional body that is empowered to prescribe the procedures by which a state civil service employee may review his grievance. Viculin v Dep't of Civil Service, 386 Mich. 375, 393; 192 N.W.2d 449 (1971). Exhaustion of these remedies is required, and failure to do such precludes judicial review. Bays v Dep't of State Police, supra, pp 359-361.
We note that plaintiff has attached to his brief on appeal two letters from the Civil Service Commission indicating that he was not entitled to a fourth-step grievance hearing with the Department of Civil Service and that appeal rights, if any, should be asserted through his bargaining representative. The record before us, however, may not be expanded on appeal in this manner. McCloy v Dorfman, 123 Mich. App. 710, 715; 333 N.W.2d 338 (1983). In any event, based on plaintiff's assertion, pursuit of the matter by the exclusive bargaining representative appears to be the proper procedure prescribed by the Department of Civil Service, so that exhaustion of this procedure was nevertheless required. Moreover, we do not view these letters as excusing plaintiff's failure to make a fifth-step appeal to the Civil Service Commission itself. See Bays v Dep't of State Police, 89 Mich. App. 356, 358-360; 280 N.W.2d 526 (1979).
In sum, we conclude that the lower court correctly held that it was without jurisdiction over this matter. If plaintiff ultimately prevails on his workers' compensation claim, then defendant concedes that plaintiff is entitled to assault pay through March, 1980, when he was terminated.
Affirmed. No costs, a question of public significance being involved.