Opinion
Docket No. 77433.
Decided April 2, 1985.
Kelman, Loria, Downing, Schneider Simpson (by Alan B. Posner), for plaintiffs.
Johnson, Campbell Moesta, P.C. (by Reginald S. Johnson), for intervening plaintiff.
Liberty Mutual Insurance Company appeals from a circuit court order denying Liberty Mutual a lien, in the amount of workers' compensation benefits paid to plaintiff Claud Ryan by Liberty Mutual, on the settlement paid to the Ryans by defendants Ford Motor Company and Walt Hickey Ford, Inc. We affirm.
On April 30, 1981, Claud Ryan was injured in the course of his employment. He was struck by his car when the transmission shifted from park into reverse while he was performing routine maintenance on the car on his employer's premises. The Ryans brought this products liability action against Ford, the vehicle manufacturer, and Hickey, the dealership which sold the car.
Because of its payment of workers' compensation benefits to Claud Ryan, Liberty Mutual intervened in the Ryans' action against Ford and Hickey as an unnamed party plaintiff. Liberty Mutual had paid $4,503.54 in workers' compensation benefits to Claud Ryan in connection with the incident. Liberty Mutual was also the no-fault insurance carrier liable to the Ryans for personal injury protection benefits, but had not paid any no-fault benefits to them.
The Ryans' suit against defendants Ford and Hickey was settled for $75,000. Liberty Mutual moved for a determination that it had a lien on the settlement in the amount paid to Claud Ryan in workers' compensation benefits. After a hearing, the circuit court ruled that Liberty Mutual had no interest in the proceeds and denied the lien.
Outside of a no-fault situation, a workers' compensation insurance carrier which has paid compensation benefits is entitled to reimbursement from the employee's tort recovery without regard to whether the recovery is for the same elements of loss compensated for by the benefits. Great American Ins Co v Queen, 410 Mich. 73, 89; 300 N.W.2d 895 (1980); MCL 418.827; MSA 17.237(827). However, in a no-fault situation, when a workers' compensation carrier provides benefits which would be payable by the no-fault insurer had the accident not occurred in the scope of employment but are instead payable by the workers' compensation carrier because of the no-fault act's mandatory setoff provision, MCL 500.3109; MSA 24.13109, the compensation carrier's reimbursement rights are coextensive with those of the no-fault insurer whose liability it replaces. Queen, supra, pp 87-88.
In the case at bar, Claud Ryan was injured by his own motor vehicle in the course of his employment. Liberty Mutual paid him workers' compensation benefits for medical expenses and wage loss. It conceded at the lien hearing that the compensation benefits paid were not over and above those it would have paid under the no-fault act and that, if the compensation benefits were not involved, the Ryans would be entitled to no-fault benefits. As a workers' compensation carrier providing benefits otherwise payable under no-fault, Liberty Mutual's right to reimbursement from the settlement was coextensive with its right to reimbursement as the no-fault insurer. Queen, supra, p 87. Thus we now turn to the no-fault act. MCL 500.3101 et seq.; MSA 24.13101 et seq.
The no-fault act created statutory benefits and partially abrogated common-law tort liability. Where a tortfeasor's liability arises from the tortfeasor's ownership, maintenance or use of an insured motor vehicle, the tortfeasor is no longer liable for below-threshold noneconomic loss and, in most cases, economic loss compensated by no-fault benefits. MCL 500.3135; MSA 24.13135; Citizens Ins Co of America v Tuttle, 411 Mich. 536, 548-551, n 8; 309 N.W.2d 174 (1981); Queen, supra, p 93; Coleman v Franzon, 141 Mich. App. 99; 366 N.W.2d 86 (1985). The no-fault insurer's right to reimbursement from an insured's recovery from such a tortfeasor is limited to unusual situations where the insured has recovered elements of damage which have been compensated for by no-fault benefits. MCL 500.3116; MSA 24.13116; Queen, supra, p 93; see, also, Workman v Detroit Automobile Inter-Ins Exchange, 404 Mich. 477; 274 N.W.2d 373 (1979).
However, the tort liability of an uninsured motorist or liability which does not arise from the tortfeasor's ownership or operation of a motor vehicle (i.e., a nonmotorist tortfeasor) is not abrogated by the no-fault act. MCL 500.3116(2); MSA 24.13116(2); Tuttle, supra, pp 548-551, n 8; Coleman, supra; National Ben Franklin Ins Co v Bakhaus Contractors, Inc, 124 Mich. App. 510; 335 N.W.2d 70 (1983). Moreover, although the no-fault insurer has a right of reimbursement from the recovery from an uninsured motorist tortfeasor, MCL 500.3116(2); MSA 24.13116(2), the no-fault insurer has no right to reimbursement from an insured's recovery from a nonmotorist tortfeasor whose liability arises outside the ownership or operation of a motor vehicle, despite the possibility of duplicate recoveries from the insurer and the tortfeasor. Tuttle, supra, pp 551-554.
Prior to the Supreme Court's decision in Tuttle, supra, panels of this Court were split on whether or not the no-fault act abrogated tort liability of tortfeasors whose liability did not arise from the use, ownership or maintenance of a motor vehicle. See Citizens Ins Co of America v Tuttle, 96 Mich. App. 763; 294 N.W.2d 224 (1980), rev'd 411 Mich. 536; 309 N.W.2d 174 (1981); Schwark v Lilly, 91 Mich. App. 189; 283 N.W.2d 684 (1979), vacated and remanded on other grounds 411 Mich. 909; 307 N.W.2d 334 (1981); see, also, Spurgeon v Ford Motor Co of Canada Limited, 502 F. Supp. 729 (WD Mich, 1980).
Prior to the Supreme Court's decision in Tuttle, supra, and the amending of MCL 500.3116; MSA 24.13116 by 1978 PA 461, this Court was also split on the issue of whether the original reimbursement provision permitted the reimbursement of a no-fault insurer from an insured's recovery from tortfeasors whose liability arose outside the no-fault act. See Auto Club Ins Ass'n v Henley, 130 Mich. App. 767; 344 N.W.2d 363 (1983); State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins Co v Soo Line R Co, 106 Mich. App. 138; 307 N.W.2d 434 (1981), lv den 413 Mich. 920 (1982); Schwark, supra.
In the case at bar, the Ryans settled their products liability action against the vehicle manufacturer and dealership. These defendants were nonmotorist tortfeasors whose liability did not arise from their ownership, maintenance or use of a motor vehicle. Tuttle, supra; Coleman, supra. Had it paid no-fault benefits, Liberty Mutual would have had no right to reimbursement from the settlement as a no-fault insurer. Tuttle, supra. Since Liberty Mutual's right to reimbursement as a compensation carrier was coextensive with its right to reimbursement as a no-fault insurer, Queen, supra, Liberty Mutual had no right to reimbursement from the Ryans' settlement with Ford and Hickey for the workers' compensation benefits it paid Claud Ryan which substituted for no-fault benefits.
Liberty Mutual did not allege that the workers' compensation benefits paid exceeded, in duration or amount, no-fault benefits payable. In such a situation, Liberty Mutual would be entitled to a lien for those excess payments which did not substitute for no-fault payments. See Bialochowski v Cross Concrete Pumping Co, Inc, 141 Mich. App. 315; 367 N.W.2d 381 (1985).
Liberty Mutual, however, argues that the no-fault act and the rationale in Queen, supra, are not applicable because the Ryans' settlement was based on a products liability action. It argues that, since the basis of the tortfeasor's liability falls outside the no-fault act, this is a simple workers' compensation situation and the workers' compensation carrier is not limited to the no-fault insurer's right to reimbursement. We disagree.
Liberty Mutual conceded that the no-fault act was applicable when it acknowledged that no-fault benefits would be payable absent the compensation benefits it paid to Claud Ryan. Moreover, Liberty Mutual's approach would contravene the Legislature's intent, as interpreted by the Supreme Court in Queen, supra, that persons injured in motor vehicle accidents in the course of their employment be entitled to the same compensation received by all other motor vehicle accident victims. 410 Mich. 96. Under Liberty Mutual's approach, Liberty Mutual would be reimbursed for workers' compensation benefits paid to Claud Ryan. Liberty Mutual would also deny Claud Ryan no-fault benefits by claiming that the no-fault act did not apply and benefits were not payable, or by claiming a setoff of the workers' compensation benefits paid in lieu of no-fault benefits. MCL 500.3109(1); MSA 24.13109(1). The Ryans would thus receive only the settlement amount less the reimbursed compensation benefits. They would be in a far worse position than a plaintiff injured outside the scope of his employment. A plaintiff injured in the same way as was Claud Ryan in the case at bar, but injured outside the course of his employment, would be entitled to no-fault benefits in addition to any recovery or settlement from the nonmotorist defendants. See Tuttle, supra; Schwark, supra.
Thus, the Ryans are entitled to the workers' compensation benefits substituting for the no-fault benefits and the settlement from the defendant tortfeasors, without reimbursement to Liberty Mutual.
Affirmed.