Opinion
May, 1905.
Albert I. Sire, for the appellant.
Bayard H. Ames, for the respondents.
The action was brought to recover for the injuries sustained by the plaintiff in falling into a depression in the crosswalk at the corner of Tenth avenue and Little West Twelfth street in the city of New York. The plaintiff in crossing the street stumbled on the railroad track on Tenth avenue, and as he fell in some way he caught his heel between the track and the pavement, resulting in a fracture of his leg. It seems that there was a depression alongside of the track that had existed for some months before the accident. The track at this point is the ordinary T rail used by steam railroads and not the ordinary track of a street railroad. The complaint alleges that "each of the defendants have supervision over the rails above mentioned, and of the public highway above mentioned between said rails, and to an extent of about two feet on either side of the outer rails, and are under contract and legal obligation to the City of New York, and the public generally, to keep said rails and roadbed as aforesaid in good, safe and proper condition." The defendant the Metropolitan Street Railway Company answering this complaint alleged that a street surface railroad is operated in a portion of Tenth avenue pursuant to the provisions of chapter 511 of the Laws of 1860, which franchises and rights were owned by the Central Park, North and East River Railroad Company; that the said road demised and leased the franchises and rights by a lease dated October 14, 1892, which said lease is now held by the Metropolitan Street Railway Company, but it denies that it owns the rails laid on Tenth avenue at or near Little West Twelfth street where the southern crosswalk crosses Tenth avenue, but alleges that the said rails are owned, laid and maintained by the defendant the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company. The New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company in its answer admits that it controls and operates cars upon rails laid in the public highway known as Tenth avenue in the city of New York; admits and alleges that the Metropolitan Street Railway Company was at the time mentioned a domestic corporation leasing the franchises and rights of the Central Park, North and East River Railroad Company in a portion of Tenth avenue in the city of New York, and that cars are operated on Tenth avenue across Little West Twelfth street, and denies the other allegations of the complaint, except the incorporation of the defendant the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company, which is admitted. For a further, separate and distinct defense, it alleges that the Central Park, North and East River Railroad Company agreed to perform and discharge "all those acts and things with respect to the paving on the tracks upon said Tenth Avenue which are required by ordinances to be done by this defendant, and that the said agreement is still in force;" and that the plaintiff remised, released and discharged the Metropolitan Street Railway Company from all causes of action which he might have against the Metropolitan Street Railway Company.
Upon the trial the plaintiff testified that as he was crossing upon Tenth avenue and Little West Twelfth street his foot slipped and went into a hole next to westerly rail of the westerly track; that the hole was about seven inches in depth, six or seven inches wide, and the length of a flagstone, about two feet; that his heel caught at the bottom of the track and his foot slipped and caught right around at the bottom of the track, and that he then fell back and broke his leg; that he slipped off the rail into the hole; the rail was four or five inches above the street, was laid on crossties; the ties were down below the surface of the street covered by the pavements; that the ties were under the track, but that the paving stones are over them, covering up the ties, and this rut was alongside of the rail extending across the crosswalk; that there was a flange across the bottom of the rail through which the rail was nailed to the crossties, and that it was under this flange that his foot was caught. There was also introduced in evidence an ordinance of the common council authorizing the Hudson River Railroad Company to construct rails down Tenth avenue at this point, with an acceptance by the railroad company of the ordinance and an agreement to comply with it. The New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company has succeeded said company. By this ordinance permission was granted to the railroad company to construct a double track of rails from Spuyten Duyvil creek on Twelfth avenue to near Sixty-eighth street, then along Eleventh avenue to Thirty-second street, thence to Tenth avenue and down Tenth avenue to West street, and thence from West street to Canal street. The Hudson River Railroad Company was to grade, pave and keep in repair a space of twenty-five feet in width in and about the tracks in all of the avenues and streets through which the said tracks were to be laid, whenever the common council should deem the interest of the public to require such pavement to be done. The company was to lay such railtrack through the avenues and streets in conformity to such directions as to lines and grades as should be given by the street commissioner, and should conform its road to the grades of the avenues and streets through which it extended, and should lay its rails or tracks in the streets or avenues in such manner as to cause no unnecessary impediment to the common or ordinary use of the streets and all other purposes.
There was also introduced in evidence a resolution of the common council by which the Central Park, North and East River Railroad Company was authorized to lay, construct, maintain, operate and use a railroad with a double or single track from the intersection of Tenth avenue and Fifty-ninth street and along Tenth avenue into West Twelfth street, and through other streets in the city of New York. This resolution also provided that in the construction, operation and use of such railroads, "should the said parties above named or their assigns deem it necessary or proper to run upon, intersect or use any portion of any other railroad tracks now laid upon any of the streets or avenues above named, they are hereby permitted to run upon, intersect and use the same."
There was evidence tending to corroborate the testimony of the plaintiff as to the condition of the street alongside of this track and as to the injuries sustained, and the plaintiff rested. Whereupon the defendants moved to dismiss the complaint, which motions were denied and the defendants excepted. The defendants offered no testimony. The court submitted the question to the jury who found a verdict for the plaintiff in the sum of $5,000. The defendants then moved to set aside the verdict and for a new trial upon all the grounds mentioned in section 999 of the Code of Civil Procedure, and the court granted that motion. The order recites that the motion was made by counsel for a new trial on all the grounds specified in section 999 of the Code of Civil Procedure, and especially on the ground that the verdict was excessive and contrary to the weight of evidence; and it was ordered that the motion to set aside the verdict on the ground that the same was excessive in amount "be and the same is hereby granted and the said verdict is hereby set aside, and it is further ordered that upon all other grounds the said motion is hereby denied," and subsequently the plaintiff appealed from that order.
The plaintiff insists that this order having been set aside upon the ground that the verdict was excessive, the plaintiff is entitled to have that order reversed, if the court was not justified in setting it aside upon that ground, and that the other grounds of the motion cannot be considered. The motion having been made by the defendants upon all the grounds specified in section 999 of the Code of Civil Procedure, if the defendants are entitled to have the verdict set aside upon either of the grounds mentioned, this court could not reverse the order, although the ground specified by the court as the ground upon which the motion was granted could not be sustained. If, for any of the reasons upon which the motion was made, the defendants were entitled to have the verdict set aside, the order must be affirmed. It seems to me quite clear that the motion of the defendant the Metropolitan Street Railway Company to dismiss the complaint as to it should have been granted, and as there was an exception to a denial of the motion, and the motion to set aside the verdict was upon the exceptions, the order setting aside the verdict against the Metropolitan Street Railway Company should be affirmed.
The negligence complained of and which caused the injury to the plaintiff was in allowing the crosswalk, adjacent to a track upon which cars of both of these defendants were run, to become so out of repair that the street was rendered unsafe for a person to use it with due care. There is no evidence that the track itself was not in good condition and reasonably safe. It is true it extended a short distance above the pavement, but there is no evidence that it was not the ordinary track in use for cars of steam railroads, like the New York Central railroad, or that it was not necessary for the use to which it was put by that road. There is evidence that the common council granted to the predecessor of the New York Central railroad the right to lay its tracks upon Tenth avenue, imposing an obligation upon the Central road to pave and keep in repair a space of twenty-five feet in width in and about the tracks when the common council should require such paving to be done, but this imposed no duty upon the Metropolitan Company to repair the pavement, nor had it anything to do with the tracks, except that its cars used them. It was under no obligation, either to the city or to the plaintiff, to repair the pavements or crosswalks, or to keep them in good repair, and it is apparent that the injury resulted to the plaintiff because of the condition of the crosswalk; for if that had been in proper condition, the plaintiff's foot could not have been caught between the rail and the pavement. It was the existence of this hole in the crosswalk that caused the accident. So far as appears, neither the Metropolitan Company nor its grantors were under any obligation to keep this crosswalk in repair. There was no negligence, therefore, proved as against the Metropolitan Street Railway Company.
I am also inclined to think that the complaint against the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company should have been dismissed. The defendant was given the right by the ordinance to lay down rails and operate a railroad through this street, and it appears that it is now operating such road. It also undertook to pave the street when required by the common council of the city of New York. But there is no evidence that the common council ever determined that the interest of the public required that the street should be paved. To make these defendants liable for the injury that was sustained it must be shown that some duty that devolved upon them had not been performed, or that this was a negligent performance of a duty that they owed to the public in general or to the plaintiff. If the injury had been caused by a defect in the track itself, or any appliance for the use of the road that had been constructed by either of the defendants in a public street, or because such structure or appliance had become out of repair and dangerous, there would then be a cause of action against the corporation which had laid the track or built the structure. But there was nothing of that kind. The track itself was in a proper condition, the injury having been caused by a hole in a crosswalk alongside of the track which, so far as appears from this evidence, neither of the defendants was under any duty to keep in repair.
We think, therefore, that as the complaint should have been dismissed, the order of the court setting aside the verdict was proper and must be affirmed.
Nor do we think that we would be justified in interfering with the order of the court, based upon the ground assigned by the learned trial judge for granting the motion. The verdict was for $5,000. There was no evidence of any pecuniary loss caused to the plaintiff by reason of the accident; no evidence that before the accident he was in the receipt of any wages, and no evidence of loss of wages by his inability to perform labor. It is not alleged that plaintiff is permanently injured, or that he is not now as capable of work as he ever was. He claims still to suffer pain from the injury, but there is no evidence that these pains will be permanent or that they interfere with his ability to work. The court heard the testimony of the plaintiff and was much better able to judge of the truthfulness of his story as to his condition than we can be from this record, and as the court has found that the verdict was excessive, we are not disposed to interfere with the discretion that the court exercised.
It follows that the order appealed from must be affirmed, with costs.
VAN BRUNT, P.J., McLAUGHLIN and LAUGHLIN, JJ., concurred.
Order affirmed, with costs.