Opinion
A92A0701.
DECIDED JUNE 23, 1992. RECONSIDERATION DENIED JULY 28, 1992.
Drug violation. Fulton Superior Court. Before Judge Hull.
Herbert Shafer, for appellant.
Lewis R. Slaton, District Attorney, Grover W. Hudgins, Penny A. Penn, William F. Riley, Jr., Benjamin H. Oehlert III, Assistant District Attorneys, for appellee.
After a bench trial, appellant was found guilty of possession of cocaine with intent to distribute. He appeals from the judgment of conviction and sentence entered by the trial court on its finding of guilt, and enumerates as error only the denial of his motion to suppress.
Appellant was stopped by officers who were authorized to arrest him for the commission of a traffic offense in their presence. Because the officers had probable cause to effectuate an immediate arrest of appellant, not merely an articulable suspicion to detain him for further investigation, the trial court clearly was authorized to find that the officers' actions were not pretextual. The stop was to effectuate an arrest, and "[t]he fact that, at the time of the stop, the officer[s] may have had a suspicion, short of probable cause, that the vehicle would contain contraband does not demand a finding that the stop was pretextual." Wise v. State, 201 Ga. App. 412-413 ( 411 S.E.2d 303) (1991). "A rule requiring a law enforcement officer to forego making a traffic stop which he would otherwise be authorized to make merely because he suspects that the vehicle might be engaged in the transport of illicit drugs would have little to commend it, and we have previously declined the invitation to create such a rule. [Cits.]" (Emphasis in original.) Williams v. State, 187 Ga. App. 409, 411 (1) ( 370 S.E.2d 497) (1988).
The officers were authorized to make a custodial arrest of appellant, and were not limited to effectuating a non-custodial arrest by issuing appellant a citation for his commission of the traffic offense. Baker v. State, 202 Ga. App. 73 ( 413 S.E.2d 251) (1991); Brock v. State, 196 Ga. App. 605, 606 (1) ( 396 S.E.2d 785) (1990). Compare State v. Lamb, 202 Ga. App. 69 ( 413 S.E.2d 511) (1991). Moreover, the record shows that appellant had no driver's license to deposit in lieu of bail. Therefore, a non-custodial arrest would not have been possible. Since a custodial arrest of appellant was authorized, the trial court correctly found that any evidence that was found in a contemporaneous search of his person and the passenger compartment of his automobile had been legally seized. Polk v. State, 200 Ga. App. 17 ( 406 S.E.2d 548) (1991); State v. Tinsley, 194 Ga. App. 350 ( 390 S.E.2d 289) (1990).
It appears that an initial search of the trunk of appellant's automobile was authorized either as a valid inventory search or as a valid warrantless search of an automobile on probable cause, since $4,000 in cash, a set of scales and suspected cocaine residue had already been lawfully discovered on appellant's person and in the passenger compartment of his automobile. In any event, nothing was discovered in this initial search of the trunk, so the validity or invalidity of that search is immaterial.
A subsequent search of the trunk of appellant's automobile did result in the discovery of cocaine. The trial court's finding that this search was conducted pursuant to appellant's consent was authorized. Woodruff v. State, 233 Ga. 840, 844 (3) ( 213 S.E.2d 689) (1975); Mann v. State, 196 Ga. App. 730, 731 (2, 3) ( 397 S.E.2d 17) (1990). Accordingly, the cocaine was legally seized.
Judgment affirmed. Pope and Johnson, JJ., concur.