Opinion
2013-06-7
Robert A. REYNOLDS and Judith E. Reynolds, Plaintiffs–Respondents, v. Christopher S. FERRANTE, D.C., et al., Defendants, and Geico General Insurance Company, Defendant–Appellant.
Hurwitz & Fine, P.C., Buffalo (Dan D. Kohane of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. Greco Trapp, PLLC, Buffalo (Duane D. Schoonmaker of Counsel), for Plaintiffs–Respondents.
Hurwitz & Fine, P.C., Buffalo (Dan D. Kohane of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. Greco Trapp, PLLC, Buffalo (Duane D. Schoonmaker of Counsel), for Plaintiffs–Respondents.
PRESENT: CENTRA, J.P., FAHEY, CARNI, WHALEN, AND MARTOCHE, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
Defendant Geico General Insurance Company (Geico) appeals from an order denying its motion to dismiss the amended complaint pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(1) and (7). Plaintiff Robert A. Reynolds (plaintiff) had an insurance policy with Geico and sustained injuries to his neck, back and left shoulder in a motor vehicle accident. Geico scheduled a no-fault examination for plaintiff with a chiropractor through defendant SCS Support Claim Services, Inc. (SCS), an independent contractor for Geico. During the course of that examination, plaintiff's left knee was injured allegedly as a result of the chiropractor's manipulation of the knee. Plaintiffs commenced this action alleging, inter alia, that Geico was negligent in the selection, instruction and supervision of SCS and the chiropractor.
Geico contends that Supreme Court erred in denying its motion because it cannot be held liable for the acts of an independent contractor. We reject that contention. It is well settled that a person who hires an independent contractor may be held liable for negligence in selecting, instructing or supervising that independent contractor ( see Brothers v. New York State Elec. & Gas Corp., 11 N.Y.3d 251, 258, 869 N.Y.S.2d 356, 898 N.E.2d 539).
We further reject Geico's contention that the allegations in the amended complaint are insufficient to state a cause of action for negligent selection, instruction and supervision against it. On a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211, pleadings are to be liberally construed ( see Leon v. Martinez, 84 N.Y.2d 83, 87, 614 N.Y.S.2d 972, 638 N.E.2d 511;see alsoCPLR 3026). The court is to “accept the facts as alleged in the complaint as true, accord plaintiffs the benefit of every possible favorable inference, and determine only whether the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal theory” ( Leon, 84 N.Y.2d at 87–88, 614 N.Y.S.2d 972, 638 N.E.2d 511). It is well settled that “the primary function of a pleading is to apprise an adverse party of the pleaders claim ... and to prevent surprise” ( Cole v. Mandell Food Stores, 93 N.Y.2d 34, 40, 687 N.Y.S.2d 598, 710 N.E.2d 244;seeCPLR 3013). “Absent such notice, a defendant is prejudiced by its inability to prepare a defense to the plaintiff's allegations” ( Cole, 93 N.Y.2d at 40, 687 N.Y.S.2d 598, 710 N.E.2d 244). We conclude that the amended complaint is sufficient to advise the court and Geico of the transactions and occurrences on which plaintiffs based their claim and plaintiffs have sufficiently pleaded a cause of action against Geico based upon the alleged negligent selection, instruction and supervision of SCS and the chiropractor ( see generallyCPLR 3013; Preston v. APCH, Inc., 89 A.D.3d 65, 74, 930 N.Y.S.2d 722).
It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is unanimously affirmed without costs.