Opinion
No. 5-1894
Opinion delivered October 12, 1959.
1. WILLS — TITLE TO PROPERTY, NECESSITY OF PROBATE OF WILL. — Under the statute that governed in 1936, as well as under the Probate Code, an unprobated will is not entitled to recognition as evidence of title. 2. WILLS — DENTAL INCAPACITY, WEIGHT AND SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE. — Invalidity of purported will held established beyond dispute by testimony showing that attesting witness took testator's hand and marked an "X" while he lay unconscious three days before his death. 3. ADVERSE POSSESSION — AGAINST CO-TENANT, WEIGHT AND SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE. — Evidence showing that co-tenant was adjudged insane and confined to the State Hospital within one year after acquiring ownership and that the taxes were paid by an uncle who collected the rents and applied the same, with the consent of the other co-tenants, toward the purchase of clothing for her, held insufficient to substantiate her claim of adverse possession. 4. ADVERSE POSSESSION — AGAINST COTENANT, PRESUMPTION AND BURDEN OF PROOF. — A cotenant to establish title by adverse possession has the burden of proving that her hostile claim was brought home to the other co-tenants either directly or by acts 80 notorious that notice must be presumed. 5. ADVERSE POSSESSION — NOTICE OF HOSTILE CLAIMS, GENERAL REPUTATION IN COMMUNITY WITH RESPECT TO OWNERSHIP. — Testimony of witness that the general consensus in the community was that the property was owned by appellant held insufficient to establish notorious acts of such unequivocal character that notice to the other contenants would be presumed.
Appeal from Poinsett Chancery Court; Lee Ward, Chancellor; affirmed.
Henry S. Wilson, for appellant.
Frank Sloan and Marvin P, Watkins, for appellee.
This is a suit by the appellant, Pealie Goodloe Rachel (an insane woman acting by her guardian), to quiet title to thirteen acres of land. The defendants are the plaintiff's nephew and niece. At the close of the plaintiff's proof the chancellor sustained a demurrer to the evidence and dismissed the complaint. Under the rule adopted in Werbe v. Holt, 217 Ark. 198, 229 S.W.2d 225, the question is whether the plaintiff produced sufficient evidence to have made a case for the jury if the suit had been tried at law.
The land was formerly owned by the appellant's father, Philip Goodloe, who died in 1936. He was survived by a son, Thomas, who died intestate and without descendants in 1957, by his daughter Pealie, and by two grandchildren (the appellees), the children of a deceased daughter. It will be seen that by the laws of descent and distribution Pealie now owns a half interest in the land and each of the appellees owns a fourth interest. In claiming title to the whole Pealie relies upon an alleged will by which her father left the property to her and, alternatively, upon adverse possession during the years between her father's death in 1936 and the institution of this suit in 1958.
Little need be said about the supposed will of Philip Goodloe. The document was recorded in the probate clerk's office, but there is no proof that it was ever admitted to probate. Under the statute that governed in 1936, as well as under the Probate Code, an unprobated will is not entitled to recognition as evidence of' title. Pope's Digest, 14531; Dodd v. Holden, 205 Ark. 817, 171 S.W.2d 948, distinguishing Arrington v. McLemore, 33 Ark. 759; Ark. Stats. 1947, 62-2126. The appellee James E. Johnson, who, together with his sister, was called as a witness by the plaintiff, testified that the will was prepared while Philip Goodloe lay unconscious, three days before his death, and that the attesting witnesses took the testator's hand and marked an "x" on the document. He also quotes his Aunt Pealie as having said that the will was just a protection to keep other relatives from getting the property. This testimony establishing the invalidity of the will is undisputed.
We are also of the opinion that there is no substantial evidence to support the claim of adverse possession. Upon Philip Goodloe's death intestate in November, 1936, his two surviving children and his two grandchildren became tenants in common. At first Pealie lived on the property with her husband and her brother, but her occupancy was brief, as she was adjudged to be insane and confined to the State Hospital in August, 1937. She is said to have burned the dwelling on the land, presumably before she was confined, and after that her brother built a shack on the property and lived in it for a time before he too lost his mind and became an inmate of the State Hospital.
For Pealie to establish title by adverse possession she has the burden of proving that her hostile claim was brought home to the appellees either directly or by acts so notorious that notice must be presumed. Smith v. Kappler, 220 Ark. 10, 245 S.W.2d 809. As in the Kappler case Pealie's actual possession was insufficient to supply the necessary element of hostility. Furthermore, Pealie shared the possession with her brother, another of the cotenants, and he actually became the sole possessor of the land after Pealie entered the state institution.
Apart from Pealie's brief and ineffectual possession there are only two facts even tending to sustain the claim of adverse Possession. First, it is shown that the taxes were paid in Pealie's name, but this circumstance is here even more effectively rebutted than was similar proof in the Kappler case. During the many years of Pealie's incompetency the land was managed by her uncle, Jim Goodloe, who collected the rents and paid the taxes. One of the appellees, Edith Johnson Nolen, testified without contradiction that she permitted the rents to i)e used for the purchase of clothing for Pealie; "she was incompetent and needed it — she raised us, and I felt like I owed her that much." Thus the payment of taxes cannot be regarded as an indication of a hostile claim by Pealie, if indeed it be assumed without proof that the afflicted woman had sufficient mental capacity to assert a claim of exclusive ownership.
Secondly, the appellant offered to show by one witness that "the general consensus in the community was that the property down there was owned by Pealie Goodloe . . . and the general reputation in the community was that she was claiming to be the owner of it." There is no proof that this general belief was brought home to the appellees, who were for the most part nonresidents of the state, and in any event the vague assertions of public opinion do not establish notorious acts of such unequivocal character that notice to the appellees must be presumed, Smith v. Happier, supra; Ball v. Messmore, 226 Ark. 256, 289 S.W.2d 183.
Affirmed.