Opinion
Rehearing denied.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of the County of Lassen. W. T. Masters, Judge.
COUNSEL:
Goodwin & Goodwin, and A. E. Bolton, for Appellant.
Shinn & Shinn, and A. L. Shinn, for Respondent.
JUDGES: In Bank. Harrison, J. Garoutte, J., Van Fleet, J., McFarland, J., Temple, J., and Henshaw, J., concurred.
OPINION
HARRISON, Judge
This action involves the right to the possession of certain property in Lassen county, described in the complaint as a storage reservoir known as the Ball's Canyon reservoir or Ward lake, together with a canal leading therefrom in an easterly direction, known as the Eagle Lake Company Canal, and also a certain ditch or water right connected therewith. The action was commenced April 3, 1895, and the trial thereof had April 23d, and judgment was entered July 12, 1895. It was admitted at the trial that the Eagle Lake Land and Irrigation Company, a corporation, was the common source from which the plaintiff and the defendant each claimed to have derived title to the property -- the controversy between them being to determine the priority of their respective titles.
The plaintiff in support of his claim to the property offered in evidence the judgment-roll in an action brought by T. C. Riggs against the Eagle Lake Land and Irrigation Company to recover for certain labor and services performed by him for the corporation, and to foreclose a lien therefor against its property. This action was commenced January 12, 1894, and a notice of lis pendens filed with the county recorder on the same day, and judgment therein was entered February 5, 1894, in favor of the plaintiff and against the defendant for the sum of five hundred and twenty-six dollars and twenty-five cents for labor and services performed by him for the corporation, and declaring the same to be a lien upon the property above described, and directing a sale of the same to satisfy said amount of money. Upon this judgment an execution and order of sale was issued, by virtue of which the said property was sold to Riggs, the plaintiff therein, March 24th, and on October 2, 1894, the sheriff executed to him his deed therefor. An appeal to the supreme court from this judgment was taken by the corporation January 31, 1895, and was pending and undetermined at the trial of the present action. The plaintiff also offered in evidence the judgment-roll in an action brought by him to foreclose a mortgage executed to him by the corporation May 24, 1892, upon the storage reservoir (and certain other property not described in the complaint herein), as security for its promissory note. This action was commenced March 26, 1894, and judgment was entered therein in accordance with the prayer of the complaint December 4, 1894. Under this judgment the storage reservoir was sold to the plaintiff January 7, 1895, and a certificate of sale issued to him.
The defendant offered in support of his claim to the property the judgment-roll [52 P. 490] in an action brought by him against the corporation April 14, 1893, in which judgment was entered in his favor and against the corporation June 13, 1893, for the sum of four thousand one hundred and seventeen dollars and seventy-five cents, and docketed against the defendant therein. The date upon which the judgment was docketed is not shown by the bill of exceptions, but it is stated in respondent's brief that it was docketed the same day upon which the judgment was entered, viz., June 13, 1893. Upon this judgment an execution was issued January 25, 1894, and the property described in the complaint was sold thereunder to the defendant February 23, 1894, and a sheriff's deed issued to him August 24, 1894, purporting to convey to him all the title and interest which the judgment debtor had in said property on the thirteenth day of June, 1893, or at any time thereafter.
Judgment was rendered in favor of the plaintiff, and the defendant has appealed, presenting his appeal upon the judgment-roll and a bill of exceptions.
Upon the issuance by the sheriff to the defendant of the deed for the property sold to him under his judgment against the corporation, the defendant became the successor in interest of the corporation and entitled to the possession of the property as against it and all others claiming under it by title derived subsequent to his own. Prior to this sale to the defendant, Riggs had commenced the action to foreclose his alleged lien upon the property of the corporation, and by filing the notice of lis pendens the defendant had such constructive notice of the claim of Riggs as to make his purchase of the property pending the action subject to that claim. If judgment in that case should establish the lien which was claimed therein, a sale in satisfaction thereof would relate to the date of the lien, and, if that lien was prior to the date of the lien under which the defendant purchased, the title of the purchaser would prevail over his. The judgment in the action was entered February 5, 1894, and declared that the amount of the plaintiff's claim "is a valid lien" upon the property described in the complaint; but neither in the judgment nor in the complaint is there any statement of the time at which the lien accrued, and, if the purchaser under this judgment would claim that the title thus acquired relates to any particular date prior to the commencement of the action, he must show by proper evidence that the lien thereby declared did in fact exist prior to that date. The priority of the lien was not established, however, by merely filing the notice of lis pendens, but must be shown by other competent evidence. It was held by this court upon the appeal from that judgment that upon the facts stated in the complaint the plaintiff was not entitled to a lien. (Keener v. Eagle Lake Land etc. Co ., 110 Cal. 627; Riggs v. Eagle Lake Land etc. Co ., 43 P. Rep. 15.) As the date at which the plaintiff therein claimed that the lien attached to the property is not stated in either the judgment or the complaint, the rules governing the right of a purchaser at a judicial sale, if afterward the judgment under which the sale is made is reversed, would not extend the title of such purchaser by relation beyond the commencement of the action. In this case, however, Riggs, the plaintiff in the action, was the purchaser at the sale, and the rule is well settled that the title acquired by a plaintiff at a sale upon his own judgment is affected by any defect in the proceedings by virtue of which the judgment is reversed. It appears from the bill of exceptions that after the execution of the sheriff's deed to Riggs the plaintiff herein took a conveyance of the property from Riggs and paid him therefor the sum of four hundred and fifty dollars, but whether such conveyance was before or after the appeal from the judgment had been taken, or whether it was with or without notice of such appeal, is not shown. Whether the grantee of a plaintiff who has purchased property at a sale under his own judgment is affected by a reversal of the judgment, the same as would be the plaintiff, has been decided differently by different courts, and need not be decided in the present case. (See Rector v. Fitzgerald , 59 F. 808, where many of the cases on each side of this question are presented.) The defendant herein was not a party to the action of Riggs against the corporation, and the judgment therein declaring that Riggs had a lien upon the property of the corporation does not, as against him, establish the existence of the lien, or preclude him from contesting the title of the purchaser or of his grantee which was acquired at the sale under that judgment. It was necessary for the plaintiff herein to establish the existence of the lien under which he claims his title, by evidence other than that of the judgment. By the appeal from the judgment in favor of Riggs its effect as evidence of the facts therein determined was suspended, and it ceased to be competent evidence of those facts during the appeal. As the only evidence given in support of the lien was the judgment-roll in the action of Riggs, it was insufficient to impair Cady's right to the possession of the property, and, since no lien was shown to exist, the date at which the sale was made to Riggs was the inception of the plaintiff's title under this deraignment, and this, as seen above, was subsequent to the sale to the defendant.
The plaintiff acquired no right to the possession of the property by virtue of the sale to him under the judgment in the action to foreclose his mortgage against the corporation. Until the time for a redemption from this sale had expired, the judgment debtor or its successor in interest in the property was entitled to its possession.
The plaintiff also offered certain evidence tending to show that he had the right of possession of certain property which he claims to be appurtenant to that above described, or to some of it. This property is not specifically described in either the complaint or the judgment, and, as the plaintiff did not establish a right to the property which is described in the [52 P. 491] complaint and judgment, it is unnecessary to determine whether the other property is or is not appurtenant thereto.
The judgment is reversed.