Opinion
Case No.: 3:17-cv-00664-GPC-NLS
04-03-2017
PROGRESS CONSTRUCTION CO., INC., a corporation dba PROGRESS MANAGEMENT COMPANY, Plaintiff, v. DANIEL KING ET AL, Defendants.
ORDER SUA SPONTE REMANDING ACTION TO STATE COURT
On April 3, 2017, Defendant Daniel King filed a notice of removal of this unlawful detainer action from the Superior Court of the State of California for San Diego County. Dkt. No. 1. Having reviewed Defendant's notice of removal, the Court finds it does not have subject matter jurisdiction over this action. Accordingly, the Court sua sponte REMANDS the action to state court.
DISCUSSION
The federal court is one of limited jurisdiction. Lowdermilk v. U.S. Bank Nat'l Ass'n, 479 F.3d 994, 997 (9th Cir. 2007). It possesses only that power authorized by the Constitution or a statute. See Bender v. Williamsport Area Sch. Dist., 475 U.S. 534, 541 (1986). It is constitutionally required to raise issues related to federal subject matter jurisdiction, and may do so sua sponte. Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env't, 523 U.S. 83, 93-94 (1998); see Indus. Tectonics, Inc. v. Aero Alloy, 912 F.2d 1090, 1092 (9th Cir.1990). Removal jurisdiction is governed by 28 U.S.C. § 1441 et seq. A state court action can only be removed if it could have originally been brought in federal court. Caterpillar, Inc. v. Williams, 482 U.S. 386, 392, 107 (1987); Duncan v. Stuetzle, 76 F.3d 1480, 1485 (9th Cir.1996). Thus, for an action to be removed on the basis of federal question jurisdiction, the complaint must establish either that federal law creates the cause of action or that the plaintiff's right to relief necessarily depends on the resolution of substantial questions of federal law. Franchise Tax Board of Cal. v. Construction Laborers Vacation Trust for Southern Cal., 463 U.S. 1, 10-11 (1983). Alternatively, a federal court may have diversity jurisdiction over an action involving citizens of different states where the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000. 28 U.S.C. § 1332.
The presence or absence of federal question jurisdiction "is governed by the 'well-pleaded complaint rule,' which provides that federal jurisdiction exists only when a federal question is presented on the face of plaintiff's properly pleaded complaint." Caterpillar, 482 U.S. at 392. A review of the state court summons and complaint in this case shows that Plaintiff alleges a unlawful detainer claim under California state law. (Dkt. No. 1-2.)
"The burden of establishing federal jurisdiction is on the party seeking removal, and the removal statute is strictly construed against removal jurisdiction." Emrich v. Touche Ross & Co., 846 F.2d 1190, 1195 (9th Cir. 1988). "Federal jurisdiction must be rejected if there is any doubt as to the right of removal in the first instance." Gaus v. Miles, Inc., 980 F.2d 564, 566 (9th Cir. 1992).
In his notice of removal, Defendant alleges that this Court has jurisdiction over the action pursuant to a federal question. (Dkt. No. 1 at 2-3, ¶¶ 5-9.) Defendant contends that there is a federal question based on a notice which expressly references and incorporates the "Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure Act of 2009," 12 U.S.C. § 5220. (Id. at 3, ¶ 7) He alleges that this statute will be drawn into the issues in this case because Plaintiff's Unlawful Detainer notice was defective under 12 U.S.C. § 5220. (Id.)
Defendant's alleged federal "claim" is actually a defense or counterclaim against Plaintiff. Defenses and counterclaims, however, are not considered in evaluating whether a federal question appears on the face of a Plaintiff's complaint. Vaden v. Discover Bank, 556 U.S. 49, 60 (2009) (federal question jurisdiction cannot "rest upon an actual or anticipated counterclaim"); Valles v. Ivy Hill Corp., 410 F.3d 1071, 1075 (9th Cir. 2005) ("A federal law defense to a state-law claim does not confer jurisdiction on a federal court, even if the defense is that of federal preemption and is anticipated in the plaintiff's complaint."). As such, Defendant's allegation does not establish federal question jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331.
Defendant has not adequately established a basis for this Court's subject matter jurisdiction and the Court must remand the case. See 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c).
CONCLUSION
Based on the above, the Court sua sponte REMANDS the action to the Superior Court of the State of California for San Diego County.
IT IS SO ORDERED. Dated: April 3, 2017
/s/_________
Hon. Gonzalo P. Curiel
United States District Judge