Summary
In Pick, supra, this Court focused on the general assertion in Scheurman v Dep't of Transportation, 434 Mich. 619; 456 N.W.2d 66 (1990), that the highway exception to governmental immunity is narrowly drawn and does not include any installation outside the improved portion of the highway designed for vehicular travel.
Summary of this case from Wechsler v. Wayne County Road CommissionOpinion
Docket Nos. 137719, 137952.
Submitted May 4, 1993, at Lansing.
Decided October 26, 1993; approved for publication December 27, 1993, at 9:05 A.M. Leave to appeal sought.
Dan Doneth, for John O. Pick and Sally Pick.
Becker Van Cleef, P.C. (by Robert Van Cleef), for Debbie L. Sullivan.
Law Offices of Rusch Prine (by Andrew W. Prine, P.C.), for Gratiot County Road Commission.
Before: WAHLS, P.J., and SHEPHERD and CAVANAGH, JJ.
Plaintiffs appeal as of right the trial court's order granting summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(8) in favor of defendant. Plaintiffs contend that the trial court erroneously decided that the road commission was shielded by governmental immunity, MCL 691.1402; MSA 3.996(102), because it had no duty to maintain areas outside the improved portion of the roadway. We affirm.
On September 5, 1988, plaintiff John Oliver Pick was driving east on Roosevelt Road when his vehicle collided with a vehicle being driven south on Crappo Road by defendant Jan Albert Szymczak. Plaintiffs Sally Pick and Debbie L. Sullivan, passengers in the Pick vehicle, also suffered injuries. The intersection was under the jurisdiction of the road commission and was not controlled by any traffic devices or warning signs.
The Picks and Sullivan brought separate actions against the road commission and others, alleging in part that the road commission (hereafter defendant) negligently failed to design, construct, and maintain the roadway at the intersection where the accident occurred. They further alleged that the defendant failed to control the vegetation growing around the intersection, failed to install traffic control signs, and failed to provide signs warning motorists of the intersection.
Defendant moved for summary disposition, arguing in part that plaintiffs' claims were barred by governmental immunity. Defendant maintained that there was no allegation that a defective condition existed within the traveled portion of the roadbed, but rather that orchards located on private property surrounding the intersection allegedly had created a visual obstruction for oncoming motorists. Consequently, because the plaintiffs did not allege a breach of the defendant's duty to maintain the improved portion of the roadway, the defendant argued that the plaintiffs' claims did not fall within the highway exception to governmental immunity. The trial court agreed with the defendant, and we find no error in that decision.
The legislative intent of the statute was to impose a duty on the state to keep the traveled roadbed in reasonable repair. Scheurman v Dep't of Transportation, 434 Mich. 619, 631; 456 N.W.2d 66 (1990). However, the duty is narrowly drawn, and extends only to the improved, traveled portion of the roadbed of a highway that was designed for vehicular travel; it does not include sidewalks, crosswalks, or any other installation outside the improved portion of the highway designed for vehicular travel. Fogarty v Dep't of Transportation, 200 Mich. App. 572; 504 N.W.2d 710 (1993).
Furthermore, "neither street lighting nor vegetation growing on private property adjacent to a road can be classified as being part of the improved portion of the highway designed for vehicular travel." Scheurman, supra at 623. The highway exception statute negates the inclusion of street lighting within the duty of the state because the physical structure of the lights falls outside the traveled or paved portion of the roadbed actually designed for public vehicular travel. Id. at 633.
In this case, it is very clear that the orchards on private property adjacent to the road cannot be classified as being part of the improved portion of the highway designed for vehicular travel. Consequently, the existence of the orchards and their influence as a visual obstruction of the intersection creates no duty on the part of the defendant under the highway exception to governmental immunity.
What is not so clear is whether the improved portion of the highway includes improvements that serve as integral parts of the highway, such as signs and shoulders. See Scheurman, supra at 637, n 29; Salvati v State Hwy Dep't, 415 Mich. 708; 330 N.W.2d 64 (1982); Hutchinson v Allegan Co Bd of Road Comm'rs (On Remand), 192 Mich. App. 472, 477; 481 N.W.2d 807 (1992). If there is an "integral parts of the highway" exception under the broad concept of "traffic sign maintenance" that includes erecting signs or warning devices at points of hazard, it appears to conflict with the very narrow definition of duty that excluded street lighting in Scheurman. Because we can find no way to distinguish between street lighting and traffic signs, and because both have their physical structure outside the traveled or paved portion of the roadbed, we must conclude that the defendant is not subject to liability for the alleged lack of adequate traffic signs at the intersection of Roosevelt and Crappo Roads.
Affirmed.
I disagree with the majority's conclusion that this case is controlled by the limited definition of an improved roadway set forth in Scheurman v Dep't of Transportation, 434 Mich. 619; 456 N.W.2d 66 (1990). While the Supreme Court in Scheurman, supra at 633, may have clearly stated that there is no duty to provide street lighting because it is not part of the improved portion of a roadway, it did reserve its decision with respect to the duty to post and maintain traffic signs, citing the previous case of Salvati v State Hwy Dep't, 415 Mich. 708; 330 N.W.2d 64 (1982). Scheurman, supra at 637, n 29. While the Supreme Court was split over the correctness of the trial court's findings of fact in Salvati, supra, six members agreed with the legal proposition that a governmental unit may incur liability for failing to erect any sign or warning device "at a point of hazard." See Salvati, supra at 715 (opinion by COLEMAN, J.), and 721 (opinion by LEVIN, J.), and the cases cited therein. The analysis of both opinions in Salvati makes it clear that "the question of the adequacy of a particular system of traffic signs is to be resolved by the trier of fact." Salvati, supra at 716 (COLEMAN, J.); similarly, Salvati, supra at 722 (LEVIN, J.); see also Soule v Macomb Co Bd of Rd Comm'rs, 196 Mich. App. 235, 238; 492 N.W.2d 783 (1992).
I would reverse and remand for trial. Defendant road commission should not be entitled to governmental immunity where there is a question whether the particular intersection was a "point of hazard" requiring the erection of traffic signs or signals.