Opinion
59284.
SUBMITTED JANUARY 17, 1980.
DECIDED JANUARY 22, 1980. REHEARING DENIED FEBRUARY 12, 1980.
Drug violation. Liberty Superior Court. Before Judge Harvey.
Charles M. Jones, Billy N. Jones, for appellant.
Dupont K. Cheney, District Attorney, Kenneth R. Carswell, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.
Defendant was indicted and tried for the offense of unlawful possession of marijuana with intent to distribute the same in violation of the Georgia Controlled Substances Act. A mistrial resulted. Whereupon defendant moved for a judgment of acquittal, that is, an order setting aside the mistrial and the entering of "a judgment of not guilty in his favor in accordance with his previous Motion for Directed Verdict, upon the grounds that the evidence as presented by the State failed to establish the guilt of the Defendant beyond a reasonable doubt, and the evidence failed to exclude every reasonable hypothesis except that of the guilt of the Defendant."
After a hearing the court denied the motion contending it was not an available motion under Georgia criminal procedure, citing Deen v. State, 216 Ga. 387 (2) ( 116 S.E.2d 595). The ruling in Deen v. State, 216 Ga. 387 (2), supra, merely cited the elementary rule of pleading that substance not mere nomenclature controls. See McDonald v. State, 222 Ga. 596 (1), 597 ( 151 S.E.2d 121). The opinion in Deen v. State, 216 Ga. 387 (2) supra, did state that a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict "is never available in a criminal case," and proceeded to consider it as a motion for new trial. Here a mistrial was granted, and a new trial will be necessary.
However, appeals from the lower courts may be taken only from final judgments except in certain enumerated instances. Code Ann. § 6-701 (Ga. L. 1965, p. 18; 1968, pp. 1072, 1073; 1975, pp. 757, 758; 1979, pp. 619, 620). The language used therein is that the judgment is final "where the cause is no longer pending in the court below..."
Defendant's sole enumeration of error is that "[t]he Trial Court erred in dismissing the Appellant's Motion for a Directed Verdict of Acquittal Notwithstanding the Mistrial on the basis that such a motion was not available to a defendant in a criminal case."
Furthermore, "[a] directed verdict of acquittal is not proper unless there is no conflict in the evidence and the verdict of acquittal is demanded as a matter of law. Merino v. State, 230 Ga. 604 ( 198 S.E.2d 311) (1973)." Washington v. State, 243 Ga. 329, 335 (4) ( 253 S.E.2d 719). See also Tuggle v. State, 149 Ga. App. 844, 846 (7) ( 256 S.E.2d 104). In the case sub judice, the fact that the jury could not reach a unanimous verdict is not sufficient in and of itself to serve as a basis for this court to hold that a verdict of acquittal was demanded as a matter of law.
The appeal is premature here inasmuch as there has been no final appealable judgment and no certificate of immediate review has been granted by the trial judge rendering it otherwise appealable by application to this court for immediate review. No application for immediate review has been made. See F. N. Roberts Corp. v. Turman, 131 Ga. App. 689 ( 206 S.E.2d 579), wherein for judgment notwithstanding a mistrial "is not a judgment or decision from which an appeal may be taken without first obtaining a certificate for immediate review from the trial judge pursuant to Code Ann. § 6-701 (a) (2)..."
Appeal dismissed. Smith and Banke, JJ., concur.