Summary
In Perry v. Minit Saver Food Stores, 255 S.C. 42, 177 S.E.2d 4 (1970), this Court answered the precise question before us. There, we held the word "witness," as used in Circuit Court Practice Rule 87, included a party such that the plaintiff was entitled to a witness fee and mileage.
Summary of this case from Murphy v. Nationsbank, N.A.Opinion
19107
October 5, 1970.
Messrs. R. Davis Howser and Donald V. Richardson of Whaley, McCutchen, Blanton Richardson, of Columbia, for Appellant, cite: As to the distinction between a "party" and a "witness": 26A C.J.S. 297, Depositions, Sec. 8; 243 S.C. 201, 126 S.E.2d 20; 217 F.2d 350; 189 Tenn. 335, 225 S.W.2d 252; 3 Div. 426, 22 So.2d 378; 88 Ala. 555, 7 So. 250; 61 A.2d 657 (Del.Super. Ct.); 112 Cal.App.2d 27, 245 P.2d 568; Moore's Federal Practice 2096, Sec. 30.14; 248 S.C. 18, 148 S.E.2d 742.
Messrs. Lee Ball, for Columbia, for Respondent, cite: As to when the terms of a statute or rule are clear and not ambiguous there is no room for construction and the courts are required to apply such according to their literal meaning: 247 S.C. 132, 146 S.E.2d 166; 213 F. Supp. 174, rev. 322 F.2d 502; 251 S.C. 242, 161 S.E.2d 822; 250 S.C. 344, 157 S.E.2d 864; 248 S.C. 135, 149 S.E.2d 328; Webster's Third New International Dictionary, p. 2627; Black's Law Dictionary, (4th Ed.) 1778. As to one of the rules of construction in interpreting a statute or rule being that the court must ascertain and give effect to the real intent of the statute or rule: 250 S.C. 187, 156 S.E.2d 769; 249 S.C. 609, 155 S.E.2d 859; 249 S.C. 388, 154 S.E.2d 674; 212 S.C. 337, 47 S.E.2d 788; 200 S.C. 127, 20 S.E.2d 645. As to Rule 87, Section A, authorizing the taking of the deposition of "any person, including a party": 243 S.C. 201, 133 S.E.2d 209; 240 S.C. 373, 126 S.E.2d 20. As to a statute or rule not being construed in such a way as to make it unworkable if any other construction is possible: 232 F. Supp. 1010, rev. 344 F.2d 18; 220 S.C. 469, 68 S.E.2d 421.
October 5, 1970.
In the instant action the defendant, pursuant to Rule Number 87 of the Circuit Court Rules, served the plaintiff and his two brothers with notices of the taking of their respective depositions. All responded to the notices and following the taking of said depositions the defendant voluntarily paid to each of the brothers witness fees and mileage, pursuant to Section I of Rule 87, which reads as follows:
"A witness attending any deposition held pursuant to these rules shall receive $15.00 for each day's attendance and for the time necessarily occupied in going to and returning from the same, and nine cents per mile for going from and returning to his place of residence."
Counsel for plaintiff demanded the payment of like fees for the plaintiff, which demand was refused, but, in response to a motion, the lower court ordered the same paid, and the defendant appealed.
The appellant contends that the word "witness", as used in Section I of Rule 87, was intended to refer only to a witness, who was not a party, and that a party whose deposition is taken pursuant to the rule is not entitled to the payment of the fees provided for in the rule. No authority, in point, is cited for this contention and we do not agree therewith. Rule 87 provides for the taking of the testimony by deposition "of any person, including a party, * * *." When a party's deposition is taken, he is, of course, for the purpose thereof, a witness as well as a party. The word "witness" is defined, inter alia, as "a person whose declaration under oath (or affirmation) is received as evidence for any purpose * * *." Black's Law Dictionary.
It is the settled law in this State that where the terms of a statute are clear and free of ambiguity there is no room for construction and the courts are required to apply such according to their literal meaning. See cases collected in West's South Carolina Digest, Statutes, — 190. We know of no sound reason why this principle should not apply to a court rule as well as to a statute. We are of the view that there is no ambiguity whatever in Rule 87 as to the meaning of the word "witness", as used in Section I thereof, and that the word "witness", was intended to mean all witnesses whose depositions are taken pursuant to the rule, whether or not the witness, perchance, be a party. The word "witness" is used at various other places in Rule 87 to denote all witnesses, including parties, without making any distinction between witnesses who happen to be parties and those who are not.
The appellant argues a second question which we do not find properly before us. There is nothing whatever in the record to indicate that such question was raised or passed upon in the court below.
The exceptions of the appellant are, in our view, without merit, and the judgment of the lower court is
Affirmed.
MOSS, C.J., and LEWIS, BRAILSFORD and LITTLEJOHN, JJ., concur.