Opinion
09-26-2017
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Craig WHITEFIELD, Defendant–Appellant.
Robert S. Dean, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York (Barbara Zolot of counsel), for appellant. Darcel D. Clark, District Attorney, Bronx (Andrew J. Zapata of counsel), for respondent.
Robert S. Dean, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York (Barbara Zolot of counsel), for appellant.Darcel D. Clark, District Attorney, Bronx (Andrew J. Zapata of counsel), for respondent.
FRIEDMAN, J.P., RICHTER, MOSKOWITZ, GESMER, JJ.
Judgment, Supreme Court, Bronx County (Steven L. Barrett, J.), rendered April 6, 2015, convicting defendant, after a jury trial, of murder in the second degree, manslaughter in the first degree, three counts of robbery in the first degree, two counts of robbery in the second degree, and two counts of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree, and sentencing him, as a second violent felony offender, to an aggregate term of 40 years to life, unanimously reversed, on the law, and the matter remanded for a new trial.
The court should have granted defendant's challenge for cause to a prospective juror, a police officer who stated on voir dire that he believed that the testimony of police witnesses would be accurate, except insofar as they were relaying inaccurate information provided by a victim or other witness. Pressed by defense counsel on whether he thought it was possible for a police witness to lie, exaggerate, or be mistaken, the prospective juror allowed that there was "a little room" for this and stated that he "suppose[d]" it was possible.
"[A] prospective juror whose statements raise a serious doubt regarding the ability to be impartial must be excused unless the juror states unequivocally on the record that he or she can be fair and impartial" ( People v. Chambers, 97 N.Y.2d 417, 419, 740 N.Y.S.2d 291, 766 N.E.2d 953 [2002] ). Bias expressed by a prospective juror is purged only when, in response to additional inquiry, the juror is able to "voice[ ] with conviction" that he or she will be able to render an impartial verdict based solely on the evidence and the court's instructions ( People v. Blyden, 55 N.Y.2d 73, 78, 447 N.Y.S.2d 886, 432 N.E.2d 758 [1982] ). The link between the biased state of mind previously indicated by the prospective juror's statements and the assurance of the ability to render an impartial verdict "must be evident" ( People v. Warrington, 28 N.Y.3d 1116, 1120, 45 N.Y.S.3d 345, 68 N.E.3d 70 [2016] ). "Where there remains any doubt in the wake of such statements, ... the prospective jurors should be discharged for cause" ( Blyden, 55 N.Y.2d at 78, 447 N.Y.S.2d 886, 432 N.E.2d 758 ).
The panelist clearly showed a predisposition to believe that police officers testify truthfully (see People v. Sanchez, 60 A.D.3d 442, 874 N.Y.S.2d 461 [1st Dept.2009], lv. denied 12 N.Y.3d 920, 884 N.Y.S.2d 701, 912 N.E.2d 1082 [2009] ). Viewed as a whole, his responses to followup questions did not "expressly state that his prior state of mind ... [would] not influence his verdict" ( People v. Biondo, 41 N.Y.2d 483, 485, 393 N.Y.S.2d 944, 362 N.E.2d 576 [1977] ).
Since we are ordering a new trial, we find it unnecessary to reach any other issues.