Opinion
315 KA 14-01959.
03-24-2017
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Frank VANALST, also known as Shaun and Jungle, Defendant–Appellant. (Appeal No. 2.).
Leanne Lapp, Public Defender, Canandaigua (Mary P. Davison of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. R. Michael Tantillo, District Attorney, Canandaigua, for Respondent.
Leanne Lapp, Public Defender, Canandaigua (Mary P. Davison of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant.
R. Michael Tantillo, District Attorney, Canandaigua, for Respondent.
PRESENT: CARNI, J.P., LINDLEY, DeJOSEPH, TROUTMAN, AND SCUDDER, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him upon a jury verdict of two counts of criminal sale of a controlled substance in the third degree (Penal Law § 220.39[1] ) and two counts of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree (§ 220.16[1] ) in connection with two drug transactions that occurred on different days and with different confidential informants. Contrary to defendant's contention, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the offenses as charged to the jury (see People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1 ), we conclude that the verdict is not against the weight of the evidence (see generally People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 ). The testimony of the police witnesses and the two informants was consistent in terms of the procedures utilized by the police to search the informants before and after the respective meetings with defendant, where and how long the transactions occurred, and the fact that the informants promptly turned over to the police small bags of crack cocaine that each informant testified defendant had removed from his mouth. Furthermore, we see no reason to disturb the credibility determinations of the jury (see People v. Smith, 145 A.D.3d 1628, 1629, 44 N.Y.S.3d 658 ).
By agreeing that the use of his nickname "Jungle" was not unduly prejudicial, defendant waived his contention that County Court erred in permitting the prosecutor to refer to defendant by that nickname in his opening statement. Defendant failed to object to the use of his nickname by the informant witnesses or to seek a curative instruction and thus failed to preserve for our review his contention that the use of that name was unduly prejudicial (see CPL 470.05[2] ; cf. People v. McCray, 121 A.D.3d 1549, 1551, 993 N.Y.S.2d 413, lv. denied 25 N.Y.3d 1204, 16 N.Y.S.3d 526, 37 N.E.3d 1169 ). In any event, the witnesses knew defendant only by that nickname before learning his legal name while working with the police, and thus it was "permissible for the People to elicit testimony regarding [the] nickname[ ] at trial for identification purposes" (People v. Tolliver, 93 A.D.3d 1150, 1150, 940 N.Y.S.2d 398, lv. denied 19 N.Y.3d 968, 950 N.Y.S.2d 120, 973 N.E.2d 218 ; cf. People v. Collier, 114 A.D.3d 1136, 1137, 979 N.Y.S.2d 726 ).
By failing to object to any of the instances that defendant contends constitute prosecutorial misconduct during the prosecutor's opening statement, in certain testimony that was elicited, and during summation, he failed to preserve for our review his contention that he was denied a fair trial by prosecutorial misconduct (see CPL 470.05[2] ; see generally People v. Machado, 144 A.D.3d 1633, 1635, 42 N.Y.S.3d 519 ). We reject defendant's contention that the elicited testimony was improper. Even assuming, arguendo, that certain remarks the prosecutor made during his opening statement or summation were improper, we conclude that " ‘[a]ny improprieties were not so pervasive or egregious as to deprive defendant of a fair trial’ " (People v. Jackson, 108 A.D.3d 1079, 1080, 968 N.Y.S.2d 789, lv. denied 22 N.Y.3d 997, 981 N.Y.S.2d 2, 3 N.E.3d 1170 ).
Contrary to defendant's contention, we conclude that he was provided with meaningful representation (see generally People v. Baldi, 54 N.Y.2d 137, 147, 444 N.Y.S.2d 893, 429 N.E.2d 400 ). Defendant failed to allege the absence of any strategic or other legitimate reason for defense counsel's alleged failure to seek a curative instruction regarding the use of defendant's nickname, or to object during the prosecutor's summation, which largely responded to the defense summation that vehemently attacked the credibility of the People's witnesses (see generally People v. Caban, 5 N.Y.3d 143, 152, 800 N.Y.S.2d 70, 833 N.E.2d 213 ).
We agree with defendant, however, that the 14–year determinate sentence is illegal inasmuch as the maximum term that could have been imposed is 12 years (see Penal Law § 70.70[3][b][i] ). We therefore modify the judgment by vacating the sentence, and we remit the matter to County Court for resentencing. In light of our determination, we do not consider defendant's remaining contention that the sentence is unduly harsh and severe.
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously modified on the law by vacating the sentence and as modified the judgment is affirmed, and the matter is remitted to Ontario County Court for resentencing.