Opinion
November 24, 1982
Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Broome County (Smyk, J.), rendered July 22, 1980, convicting defendant upon his plea of guilty of the crime of rape in the first degree. Defendant's conviction was previously affirmed by this court ( 86 A.D.2d 784). On June 4, 1982, we granted leave to reargue our April 13, 1982 denial of his application to reopen the appeal for the purpose of raising issues related to a suppression hearing in which suppression of his statements and admissions to police was denied. The sole issue before us on this appeal is whether the suppression court erred in holding that defendant's confession was admissible. Defendant voluntarily accompanied police to the Ontario County Sheriff's office where, after being given Miranda warnings, he was questioned concerning his involvement in a forcible rape one day earlier. Defendant contends that his confession should have been suppressed because it was obtained by promise of an "easier" sentence and that a shorter separation from his girlfriend would result, and also that questioning continued after he said he wished to remain silent. The judgment should be affirmed. Defendant's arguments are not supported by the record. He correctly contends that a statement "`obtained by any direct or implied promises, however slight'" ( Bram v. United States, 168 U.S. 532, 542-543) is inadmissible. Nor do we disagree with the holding in People v. Bay ( 76 A.D.2d 592, app dsmd 54 N.Y.2d 808), relied upon by defendant. However, the factual situation here does not begin to approach that found in Bay, and is readily distinguishable. "`Credibility is determined by the trier of the facts who has the advantage of observing the witnesses and necessarily is in a superior position with respect to that aspect than an appellate court which reviews but the printed record'" ( People v. Stroman, 83 A.D.2d 370, 372, quoting People v. Wright, 71 A.D.2d 585, 586). "Where there are different inferences that can be drawn from the facts, the choice is for the trier of the facts and should be honored unless unsupported as a matter of law" ( People v. McNeeley, 77 A.D.2d 205, 208-209). Any conflict in testimony presents a credibility question for the suppression court ( People v. Munro, 86 A.D.2d 683, 686). On this record, we cannot say the suppression court erred. Defendant next argues error in the failure of the suppression court to include in its recitation of its findings of fact any finding concerning defendant's alleged declaration of his desire to terminate the questioning and remain silent. The record demonstrates that defense counsel argued the alleged declaration following the closing of testimony and immediately before the court rendered its oral decision from the Bench. We cannot say that the court failed to consider this contention. The omission, when the record is taken as a whole and the decision read, shows that the court concluded defendant's Miranda rights were not violated and that his statement was voluntary. Implicit in these conclusions, even though not specifically stated, is the finding that the court considered and rejected the contention made both in defendant's testimony and the oral argument by his attorney immediately previous thereto. Consideration of Miranda rights would necessarily include any violation of defendant's right to discontinue questioning and remain silent. Judgment affirmed. Kane, J.P., Casey, Mikoll, Yesawich, Jr., and Weiss, JJ., concur.