Opinion
Docket No. 149730.
Submitted November 18, 1992, at Detroit.
Decided February 16, 1993, at 9:00 A.M. Decided on rehearing June 22, 1993, at 9:30 A.M. Leave to appeal sought.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Thomas L. Casey, Solicitor General, John D. O'Hair, Prosecuting Attorney, Timothy A. Baughman, Chief of Research, Training, and Appeals, and Jeffrey Caminsky, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Philip X. Walling, for the defendant on appeal.
Before: DOCTOROFF, C.J., and MURPHY and CAVANAGH, JJ.
ON REHEARING
This case is here on rehearing. In an attempt to clarify our earlier holding, 198 Mich. App. 218; 497 N.W.2d 582 (1993), we offer the following opinion.
Defendant, Cleophus D. Sledge, pleaded guilty of armed robbery, MCL 750.529; MSA 28.797, and was sentenced to a prison term of ten to twenty-five years. In this appeal, brought as of right, defendant contends that he was entitled to an evidentiary hearing regarding his claim that the guilty plea was induced by a promise by his attorney that he would receive a lesser sentence than the one imposed. We agree and remand for an evidentiary hearing.
According to the record, defendant filed a motion to withdraw his plea or for an evidentiary hearing, alleging that his plea was not knowingly, understandingly, or voluntarily made because he did not receive the sentence promised by his attorney. In an affidavit attached to the motion, defendant claimed that he pleaded guilty because his attorney promised him he would be sentenced to no more than three to eight years. Defendant further alleged that before sentencing he had written his attorney requesting to withdraw his plea, but that his attorney did not respond until the day of sentencing, when his attorney told him that it was too late to withdraw the plea. The trial court held a brief hearing regarding defendant's motion and, without receiving testimony or commenting about defendant's allegations, denied his motion.
As early as 1961, our Supreme Court expressed its concern with guilty pleas unlawfully induced. See In re Valle, 364 Mich. 471; 110 N.W.2d 673 (1961). In such a situation, if the evidence established that the plea was induced by an unfulfilled promise of leniency by a prosecutor or a judge, the plea could be withdrawn. Id. at 477-478. The Court went on to explain, in People v Taylor, 383 Mich. 338, 359; 175 N.W.2d 715 (1970), that the question "[w]hether or not a plea of guilty was offered voluntarily [was] a question of fact." The Court also has stated that remanding for an evidentiary hearing may be warranted where no record has been made by the trial court. People v Johnson, 386 Mich. 305, 314; 192 N.W.2d 482 (1971). Also see the order of the Supreme Court in People v Westfield, 406 Mich. 957 (1979), vacating the Court of Appeals decision "insofar as it holds that the defendant is not entitled to an evidentiary hearing" and remanding the matter for an "evidentiary hearing on defendant's claim that his plea was induced by a promise from his attorney that he would receive a lesser sentence than he received. People v Ginther, 390 Mich. 436 [ 212 N.W.2d 922] (1973); People v Hall, 399 Mich. 288, 291 [ 249 N.W.2d 62] (1976)."
Not every defendant who requests to withdraw a plea is entitled to do so, however, nor is every defendant entitled to an evidentiary hearing on a motion to withdraw. A defendant convicted on the basis of a plea may not raise on appeal any claim of noncompliance with the requirements of the court rules that govern guilty pleas unless the defendant has moved to withdraw the plea in the trial court. MCR 6.311(C). Further, the motion must allege some support for the defendant's claim other than the defendant's mere postconviction statement that the plea was induced by a promise of leniency. People v Schirle, 105 Mich. App. 381, 385; 306 N.W.2d 520 (1981); People v Rodriguez, 61 Mich. App. 42, 48-49; 232 N.W.2d 293 (1975). To prevail on the motion, "the motion and its supporting affidavits and proofs must satisfy the trial court by a preponderance of credible evidence that the plea was the product of fraud, duress, or coercion." Taylor, supra at 361.
This Court's approach has not always been consistent. As did our Supreme Court in In re Valle, this Court has held that a defendant may be permitted to withdraw his guilty plea when it is established that the plea was induced by an unfulfilled promise of leniency made by a prosecutor or judge. People v Walls, 3 Mich. App. 279, 282; 142 N.W.2d 38 (1966). However, this Court also has held that bad advice of defense counsel alone generally is not enough to warrant the withdrawal of a plea. Id. at 282-283. Furthermore, when a defendant states on the record that he has not been promised leniency in exchange for his plea, he ordinarily is held to his denial on the record. People v Weir, 111 Mich. App. 360, 361; 314 N.W.2d 621 (1981); Schirle, supra at 385; People v Serr, 73 Mich. App. 19, 28; 250 N.W.2d 535 (1976); People v Gant, 4 Mich. App. 671, 675; 145 N.W.2d 381 (1966). There also are cases in which this Court has found a defendant's later allegation of promised leniency meritless where the trial court had advised the defendant of the maximum possible penalty and that the court might impose that penalty. People v Inosencio, 35 Mich. App. 236, 238; 192 N.W.2d 339 (1971); People v Washington, 23 Mich. App. 638, 639; 179 N.W.2d 259 (1970).
In contrast, we also have held that, under some circumstances, a defense counsel's promise of leniency may serve as a ground for withdrawal of a guilty plea. Weir, supra at 361; Schirle, supra at 385. Although, generally, we will reject this as a basis where the defendant has sworn on the record that no such promise was made, Weir, supra; Schirle, supra; People v Sanders, 54 Mich. App. 541, 544; 221 N.W.2d 243 (1974); People v Smith, 52 Mich. App. 731, 736; 218 N.W.2d 151 (1974), a guilty plea may be withdrawn even though the defendant has made such statements on the record if the record contains some support for the defendant's claim, other than the defendant's postconviction allegation. Schirle, supra; Rodriguez, supra.
In addition to this authority, we also bear in mind that remand for an evidentiary hearing may sometimes be warranted where no record has been made by the trial court. Johnson, supra at 314. Our Supreme Court also has held that the determination whether a defendant's plea was involuntary because it was induced by promises of leniency is a determination to be made by the trial court and that this Court is not to substitute its judgment for that of the trial court. Hall, supra at 291. However, in reviewing a trial court's decision to deny a motion to withdraw a guilty plea made after sentencing, we are called upon to decide whether a clear abuse of discretion resulting in manifest injustice has occurred. People v Jones, 190 Mich. App. 509, 512; 476 N.W.2d 646 (1991). If the absence of a proper record makes it impossible for us to determine whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying a defendant's motion to withdraw a guilty plea, we can remand for an evidentiary hearing. Schirle, supra at 385; Rodriquez, supra at 48-49; People v Rogers, 55 Mich. App. 491, 493; 223 N.W.2d 20 (1974).
In this case, the trial court did not state its reasons for denying defendant's motion to withdraw his guilty plea. While this alone could justify remand, we hold that this defendant is entitled to an evidentiary hearing to determine whether representations concerning the length of the sentence were made because he has submitted an affidavit sufficient in detail with regard to the nature of the promises and the persons who made them and, also, has complied with the preservation requirements of MCR 6.311.
Reversed and remanded for an evidentiary hearing regarding defendant's motion for the withdrawal of his guilty plea. We do not retain jurisdiction.