Opinion
2013-10-4
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Richard E. SHINEBARGER, Defendant–Appellant.
Keliann M. Elniski, Orchard Park, for Defendant–Appellant. Keith A. Slep, District Attorney, Belmont, for Respondent.
Keliann M. Elniski, Orchard Park, for Defendant–Appellant. Keith A. Slep, District Attorney, Belmont, for Respondent.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., FAHEY, SCONIERS, VALENTINO, and WHALEN, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him upon a jury verdict of rape in the first degree (Penal Law § 130.35[4] ) and course of sexual conduct against a child in the first degree (§ 130.75[1][b] ). Defendant failed to preserve for our review his contention that the People did not establish an adequate chain of custody with respect to the underwear collected from defendant's home and the rape kit performed on the victim ( see People v. Alexander, 48 A.D.3d 1225, 1226, 851 N.Y.S.2d 807,lv. denied10 N.Y.3d 859, 860 N.Y.S.2d 485, 890 N.E.2d 248). In any event, that contention lacks merit. “The police provided sufficient assurances of the identity and unchanged condition of th[at] evidence ..., and thus any alleged gaps in the chain of custody went to [its] weight ..., not its admissibility” ( People v. Kennedy, 78 A.D.3d 1477, 1478, 910 N.Y.S.2d 602,lv. denied16 N.Y.3d 798, 919 N.Y.S.2d 515, 944 N.E.2d 1155;see People v. Hawkins, 11 N.Y.3d 484, 494, 872 N.Y.S.2d 395, 900 N.E.2d 946;People v. Julian, 41 N.Y.2d 340, 343, 392 N.Y.S.2d 610, 360 N.E.2d 1310).
Defendant raises several points in support of his challenge to the verdict as against the weight of the evidence. First, defendant contends that County Court erred in admitting hearsay evidence in the form of the victim's verbal disclosure of the rape. We reject that contention on the ground that the victim's statements were admissible under the prompt outcry exception to the rule against hearsay ( see generally People v. Shelton, 1 N.Y.3d 614, 615, 777 N.Y.S.2d 9, 808 N.E.2d 1268). Defendant further contends that the court erred in overruling his objection to certain testimony of a police officer as “oblique” or indirect hearsay. We reject that contention on the ground that the officer's testimony “did not implicate acts that were intended as or could be interpreted as ... assertion[s]” ( People v. Carpenter, 52 A.D.3d 1050, 1051, 860 N.Y.S.2d 671,lv. denied11 N.Y.3d 735, 864 N.Y.S.2d 393, 894 N.E.2d 657,cert. denied556 U.S. 1131, 129 S.Ct. 1613, 173 L.Ed.2d 1000;see People v. Salko, 47 N.Y.2d 230, 239, 417 N.Y.S.2d 894, 391 N.E.2d 976,remittitur amended47 N.Y.2d 1010, 420 N.Y.S.2d 223, 394 N.E.2d 292). Defendant also challenges the credibility of the People's witnesses, but we cannot conclude that the testimony of those witnesses was “so inconsistent or unbelievable as to render it incredible as a matter of law” ( People v. Black, 38 A.D.3d 1283, 1285, 832 N.Y.S.2d 375,lv. denied8 N.Y.3d 982, 838 N.Y.S.2d 485, 869 N.E.2d 661). We note that “[r]esolution of issues of credibility, as well as the weight to be accorded to the evidence presented, are primarily questions to be determined by the jury” ( People v. Witherspoon, 66 A.D.3d 1456, 1457, 885 N.Y.S.2d 829,lv. denied13 N.Y.3d 942, 895 N.Y.S.2d 333, 922 N.E.2d 922 [internal quotation marks omitted] ). Thus, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes as charged to the jury ( see People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1), we conclude that the verdict is not against the weight of the evidence ( see generally People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672).
Contrary to defendant's further contention, the court properly exercised its discretion in denying his motion for new assigned counsel. “The court conducted the requisite inquiry when defendant made his ... request for substitution of counsel and concluded that defendant's objections[, which concerned defense counsel's lack of candor in advising him,] were without merit” ( People v. Johnson, 103 A.D.3d 1251, 1251, 959 N.Y.S.2d 365,lv. denied21 N.Y.3d 1005, 971 N.Y.S.2d 257, 993 N.E.2d 1279;see People v. Barber, 66 A.D.3d 1370, 1371, 885 N.Y.S.2d 666,lv. denied13 N.Y.3d 937, 895 N.Y.S.2d 327, 922 N.E.2d 916;see generally People v. Porto, 16 N.Y.3d 93, 99–100, 917 N.Y.S.2d 74, 942 N.E.2d 283). Finally, although not raised by defendant, we note that the prosecutor improperly asked defendant on cross-examination whether the prosecution witnesses were lying. We again forcefully condemn such questions ( see People v. Washington, 89 A.D.3d 1516, 1516–1517, 933 N.Y.S.2d 499,lv. denied18 N.Y.3d 963, 944 N.Y.S.2d 492, 967 N.E.2d 717), although we note that the issue would not require reversal of the judgment herein inasmuch as the prosecutor's misconduct did not substantially prejudice defendant ( see People v. Paul, 212 A.D.2d 1020, 1021, 623 N.Y.S.2d 50,lv. denied85 N.Y.2d 912, 627 N.Y.S.2d 335, 650 N.E.2d 1337).
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.