Opinion
No. 242162.
Submitted November 12, 2003, at Lansing.
December 4, 2003 at 9:00 a.m. Updated February 13, 2004.
Appeal from Genesee Circuit Court, LC No. 02-009457-FH.
Michael A. Cox, Attorney General, Thomas L. Casey, Solicitor General, Arthur A. Busch, Prosecuting Attorney, Donald A. Kuebler, Chief, Research, Training, and Appeals, and Vikki Bayeh Haley, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Neil C. Szabo for the defendant on appeal,
Before: Sawyer, P.J., and Griffin and Smolenski, JJ.
Following a jury trial, defendant was convicted of operating and maintaining a methamphetamine laboratory (count I), MCL 333.7401c(2)(a); operating and maintaining a methamphetamine laboratory near a residence (count II), MCL 333.7401c(2)(d); possession of marijuana (count III), MCL 333.7403(2)(d); maintaining a drug house (count IV), MCL 333.7405(1)(d); and possession of methamphetamine (count V), MCL 333.7403(2)(b)(i). Defendant was sentenced to prison terms of 78 to 180 months on count I, 78 to 360 months on count II, 12 months on count III, 4 to 20 months on count IV, and 78 to 180 months on count V. Defendant appeals as of right. We affirm defendant's convictions, but remand for a modification of his judgment of sentence.
I
At the time defendant was arrested for the instant offenses, he was on parole from a Missouri sentence for possession of methamphetamine. The trial court considered the instant sentences to be consecutive and did not give defendant credit for time served in jail before sentencing. Defendant argues that because he was on parole from a foreign jurisdiction, and the court was without jurisdiction to credit that sentence with his time served before sentencing in this case, the court should have credited his sentences in the instant case. As support, defendant cites People v. Johnson, 205 Mich. App. 144; 517 N.W.2d 273 (1994), which the prosecution concedes is controlling.
In Johnson, supra at 145, the defendant was convicted of a drug offense in Michigan. At the time, he had been on parole from a Louisiana sentence. Id. at 146. MCL 769.11b provides:
Whenever any person is hereafter convicted of any crime within this state and has served any time in jail prior to sentencing because of being denied or unable to furnish bond for the offense which he is convicted, the trial court in imposing sentence shall specifically grant credit against the sentence for such time served in jail prior to sentencing.
In determining that the defendant was entitled to credit against his Michigan sentence, the Johnson Court reasoned:
Had Johnson been on parole from a sentence imposed in Michigan, the credit would properly have been applied to the paroled offense. People v. Watts, 186 Mich. App. 686, 687-690; 464 N.W.2d 715 (1991). A defendant who has received a consecutive sentence is not entitled to credit against the subsequent sentence for time served; rather, any such credit should be applied against the first sentence. Id. at 687. When a parolee violates parole, he becomes liable to serve out the unexpired portion of maximum imprisonment for the paroled offense. MCL 791.238(2); MSA 28.2308(2). That unexpired portion must be served before a sentence for a second offense may begin. MCL 768.7a(2); MSA 28.1030(1)(2). Accordingly, time spent in custody normally is credited against the unexpired portion of the defendant's paroled sentence. If the parolee also received credit toward the second offense, he would in effect be receiving double credit for that period. Watts, supra at 688-689.
In this case, however, the court is without jurisdiction to order Louisiana to grant credit toward the paroled offense. Therefore, to comply with § 11b, the credit must be applied toward the instant offense. The concern that applying the credit toward the instant offense will result in double credit assumes that Louisiana will also grant credit for the time spent in custody in this state. Even if this assumption is correct, the mandatory language of § 11b permits no exception to be made. [ Johnson, supra at 146-147.]
The Johnson Court was correct in pointing out that the sentencing credit provision in MCL 769.11b is mandatory, given the statute's use of the word "shall." Roberts v. Mecosta Co. Gen. Hosp., 466 Mich. 57, 65; 642 N.W.2d 663 (2002). This means that a defendant is entitled to a sentencing credit if he has been " denied or unable to furnish bond." MCL 769.11b (emphasis added). However, when a defendant is held in jail because of a parole detainer, bond is neither set nor denied, a point that the panel in Johnson apparently did not consider. The hold placed on the defendant renders the question of bond a nonissue. Therefore, we would find that MCL 769.11b is not applicable.
Because Michigan courts are without jurisdiction to credit a sentence imposed by a foreign jurisdiction, we believe that the panel in Johnson, supra, was incorrect in concluding that the trial court erred in not crediting the defendant's Michigan sentence. Were it not for the precedential effect of the Johnson decision, we would conclude that defendant in the instant case is not entitled to a sentencing credit. But because this panel is bound by Johnson, MCR 7.215(J)(2), we must conclude that the trial court erred in not crediting defendant's sentences for the time he spent in jail before sentencing on the instant offenses. Accordingly, we remand this case for a modification of defendant's judgment of sentence.
II
Defendant also argues that the trial court erred in concluding that he was not denied effective assistance of counsel and in denying his request for a new trial at the Ginther hearing. Defendant contends that Lieutenant Cunningham used the defendant's emotional attachment to his wife to gain the confession and asserts that he told defense counsel that the statement he gave to the police was coerced, yet defense counsel never moved to have the statement suppressed.
People v. Ginther, 390 Mich. 436; 212 N.W.2d 922 (1973).
A trial court's decision to grant a new trial is reviewed on appeal for an abuse of discretion. People v. Jones, 236 Mich. App. 396, 404; 600 N.W.2d 652 (1999). The determination of whether a defendant has been deprived of the effective assistance of counsel presents a mixed question of fact and constitutional law. The court must first find the facts and then decide whether those facts constitute a violation of the defendant's constitutional right to effective assistance of counsel. The trial court's factual findings are reviewed for clear error, while its constitutional determinations are reviewed de novo. People v. LeBlanc, 465 Mich. 575, 579; 640 N.W.2d 246 (2002).
After taking testimony at the Ginther hearing from defendant, defense counsel, and Lt. Cunningham, the trial court noted that there was a factual dispute regarding whether defendant told his counsel that the statement was coerced. The court also recognized that, in effect, the hearing was a Walker hearing, that Lt. Cunningham testified the same as he did at trial, and that on the basis of the testimony it would not have suppressed the statement had defense counsel moved to suppress it before trial. The court concluded that defendant could not prove prejudice, and, therefore, failed to carry his burden of proving ineffective assistance of counsel.
People v. Walker (On Rehearing), 374 Mich. 331; 132 N.W.2d 87 (1965).
Generally, to establish ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must show: (1) that counsel's performance was below an objective standard of reasonableness under prevailing professional norms; (2) that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's error, the result of the proceedings would have been different, Bell v. Cone, 535 U.S. 685, 695; 122 S.Ct. 1843; 152 L.Ed.2d 914 (2002); People v. Toma, 462 Mich. 281, 302-303; 613 N.W.2d 694 (2000); and (3) that the resultant proceedings were fundamentally unfair or unreliable, People v. Rodgers, 248 Mich. App. 702, 714; 645 N.W.2d 294 (2001). Effective assistance of counsel is presumed, and the defendant bears a heavy burden of proving otherwise. LeBlanc, supra at 578.
We agree that defendant has failed to prove that his counsel was ineffective. Even if defense counsel's performance was deficient for failing to request a Walker hearing, the trial court concluded that had a Walker hearing been held before trial, it would not have suppressed the statement. Therefore, the evidence at trial would have been no different. Also, even if the statement had been suppressed, the evidence supporting the charges was overwhelming. Accordingly, defendant failed to prove prejudice. As a result, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying defendant's motion for a new trial.
Convictions affirmed, but case is remanded for a modification of defendant's judgment of sentence. We do not retain jurisdiction. Because of our disagreement with Johnson, supra, we recommend that this case be submitted to a special conflict panel pursuant to MCR 7.215(J)(3).
ORDER ENTERED DECEMBER 23, 2003
People v. Seiders, Docket No. 242162. The Court orders that a special panel shall be convened pursuant to MCR 7.215(J) to resolve the conflict between this case and People v. Johnson, 205 Mich. App. 144; 517 N.W.2d 273 (1994).
The Court further orders that only section 1 of the opinion in this case released on December 4, 2003, addressing the issue of the proper interpretation and application of MCL 769.11b is vacated. MCR 7.215(J)(5).
The appellant may file a supplemental brief within 21 days of the Clerk's certification of this order. The appellee may file a supplemental brief within 21 days of service of the appellant's brief. Nine copies must be filed with the Clerk of the Court.