Opinion
2012-02-7
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Derek SAMUEL, Defendant–Appellant.
Richard M. Greenberg, Office of the Appellate Defender, New York (Joseph M. Nursey of counsel), for appellant. Cyrus R. Vance, Jr., District Attorney, New York (Phillip Morrow of counsel), for respondent.
Richard M. Greenberg, Office of the Appellate Defender, New York (Joseph M. Nursey of counsel), for appellant. Cyrus R. Vance, Jr., District Attorney, New York (Phillip Morrow of counsel), for respondent.
SAXE, J.P., FRIEDMAN, CATTERSON, FREEDMAN, MANZANET–DANIELS, JJ.
Judgment, Supreme Court, New York County (Marcy L. Kahn, J. at hearings; Analisa Torres, J. at jury trial and sentencing), rendered June 1, 2010, convicting defendant of robbery in the first and second degrees, and sentencing him, as a persistent violent felony offender, to concurrent terms of 20 years to life, unanimously affirmed.
The court properly denied defendant's motion to suppress identification testimony. The record supports the hearing court's finding that the photo array and lineup were not unduly suggestive. As to each procedure, defendant and the other participants were reasonably similar in appearance, and there was no substantial likelihood that defendant would be singled out for identification ( see People v. Chipp, 75 N.Y.2d 327, 336, 553 N.Y.S.2d 72, 552 N.E.2d 608 [1990], cert. denied 498 U.S. 833, 111 S.Ct. 99, 112 L.Ed.2d 70 [1990] ).
The court also properly denied defendant's motion to suppress statements. There was no violation of Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573, 100 S.Ct. 1371, 63 L.Ed.2d 639 [1980]. The police never entered defendant's apartment. Instead, at the request of the police, defendant's parole officer asked defendant to come into the hallway outside his apartment, and this procedure was permissible ( see People v. Wallace, 250 A.D.2d 398, 672 N.Y.S.2d 691 [1998] ).
There is no basis to disturb the hearing court's finding that defendant's initial interview, which was not preceded by Miranda warnings, was not custodial. A reasonable innocent person in defendant's position would not have thought he was in custody ( see People v. Yukl, 25 N.Y.2d 585, 307 N.Y.S.2d 857, 256 N.E.2d 172 [1969], cert. denied 400 U.S. 851, 91 S.Ct. 78, 27 L.Ed.2d 89 [1970]; see also Stansbury v. California, 511 U.S. 318, 114 S.Ct. 1526, 128 L.Ed.2d 293 [1994] ). Defendant agreed to accompany the police to the precinct, where he remained in an interview room. During the period that preceded Miranda warnings, the police did not restrain defendant in any way or do anything to convey that he was not free to leave ( see People v. Dillhunt, 41 A.D.3d 216, 839 N.Y.S.2d 18 [2007], lv. denied 10 N.Y.3d 764, 854 N.Y.S.2d 325, 883 N.E.2d 1260 [2008] ).
Even assuming a Payton or Miranda violation, or both, there was sufficient attenuation so that defendant's later statements were not tainted. Defendant's made his post- Miranda statements after a significant time lapse, and he made no incriminating statements during the pre- Miranda interview ( see People v. White, 10 N.Y.3d 286, 291, 856 N.Y.S.2d 534, 886 N.E.2d 156 [2008], cert. denied 555 U.S. 897, 129 S.Ct. 221, 172 L.Ed.2d 167 [2008] ). Furthermore, there was nothing flagrant about the alleged Payton violation. Defendant's videotaped interview was even further attenuated from any Payton or Miranda violation, since it was made at a different location to a different interviewer. In any event, even assuming any error in the admission of either of the two statements, the error was harmless ( see People v. Crimmins, 36 N.Y.2d 230, 367 N.Y.S.2d 213, 326 N.E.2d 787 [1975] ), in light of the overwhelming evidence of defendant's guilt and the generally exculpatory nature of his statements.
We have considered and rejected defendant's remaining claims, including his challenges to the admissibility of recordings of phone calls he made while in prison.