Opinion
2013–03714 Ind. No. 1801/11
05-17-2023
The PEOPLE, etc., respondent, v. Carlos SAMS, appellant.
Patricia Pazner, New York, NY (Michael Arthus and Brian Perbix of counsel), for appellant, and appellant pro se. Eric Gonzalez, District Attorney, Brooklyn, NY (Leonard Joblove, Seth M. Lieberman, Rhea A. Grob, and Melissa Wachs of counsel), for respondent.
Patricia Pazner, New York, NY (Michael Arthus and Brian Perbix of counsel), for appellant, and appellant pro se.
Eric Gonzalez, District Attorney, Brooklyn, NY (Leonard Joblove, Seth M. Lieberman, Rhea A. Grob, and Melissa Wachs of counsel), for respondent.
REINALDO E. RIVERA, J.P., ROBERT J. MILLER, LINDA CHRISTOPHER, JANICE A. TAYLOR, JJ.
DECISION & ORDER Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Neil Jon Firetog, J.), rendered March 7, 2013, convicting him of murder in the second degree and criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree, upon a jury verdict, and imposing sentence.
ORDERED that the judgment is reversed, on the law, and the matter is remitted to the Supreme Court, Kings County, for a new trial.
The defendant's contention that the evidence was legally insufficient to support his convictions is unpreserved for appellate review (see CPL 470.05[2] ). In any event, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution (see People v. Contes, 60 N.Y.2d 620, 467 N.Y.S.2d 349, 454 N.E.2d 932 ), we find that it was legally sufficient to establish the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt (see People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1 ). Moreover, in fulfilling our responsibility to conduct an independent review of the weight of the evidence (see CPL 470.15[5] ; People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1 ), we nevertheless accord great deference to the jury's opportunity to view the witnesses, hear the testimony, and observe demeanor (see People v. Mateo, 2 N.Y.3d 383, 410, 779 N.Y.S.2d 399, 811 N.E.2d 1053 ; People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 ). Upon reviewing the record here, we are satisfied that the verdict of guilt was not against the weight of the evidence (see People v. Romero, 7 N.Y.3d 633, 826 N.Y.S.2d 163, 859 N.E.2d 902 ).
However, the Supreme Court erred in permitting the prosecutor to impeach one of her own witnesses with a prior statement in violation of CPL 60.35. CPL 60.35(1) states, inter alia, that when a witness called by a party "gives testimony upon a material issue of the case which tends to disprove the position of such party, such party may introduce evidence that such witness has previously made ... an oral statement under oath contradictory to such testimony" (see People v. Berry, 27 N.Y.3d 10, 17, 29 N.Y.S.3d 234, 49 N.E.3d 703 ). "[E]vidence that the witness made such prior statement is not admissible, and such party may not use such prior statement for the purpose of refreshing the recollection of the witness in a manner that discloses its contents to the trier of the facts," if the testimony of the witness "does not tend to disprove the position of the party who called him [or her] and elicited such testimony" ( CPL 60.35[3] ; see People v. Berry, 27 N.Y.3d at 17, 29 N.Y.S.3d 234, 49 N.E.3d 703 ). "Thus, before a party may impeach its own witness, the testimony on a ‘material fact’ must ‘tend[ ] to disprove the party's position or affirmatively damage[ ] the party's case’ " ( People v. Berry, 27 N.Y.3d at 17, 29 N.Y.S.3d 234, 49 N.E.3d 703, quoting People v. Saez, 69 N.Y.2d 802, 804, 513 N.Y.S.2d 380, 505 N.E.2d 945 ; see CPL 60.35 ). "Trial testimony that the witness has no knowledge of or cannot recall a particular event, whether truthful or not, does not affirmatively damage the People's case" ( People v. Ayala, 121 A.D.3d 1124, 1125, 997 N.Y.S.2d 81 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see People v. Fitzpatrick, 40 N.Y.2d 44, 52, 386 N.Y.S.2d 28, 351 N.E.2d 675 ).
Here, the witness's testimony, in effect, that he did not see the perpetrator's face and did not see the defendant fire a gun, merely failed to corroborate or bolster the prosecutor's case, but it did not contradict or disprove any testimony or other factual evidence presented by the prosecution (see People v. Fitzpatrick, 40 N.Y.2d at 52, 386 N.Y.S.2d 28, 351 N.E.2d 675 ; People v. Thomas, 143 A.D.3d 923, 923, 39 N.Y.S.3d 214 ; People v. Ayala, 121 A.D.3d at 1125, 997 N.Y.S.2d 81 ). Accordingly, the prosecutor's use of the witness's prior statement for impeachment purposes was impermissible (see CPL 60.35 ; People v. Fitzpatrick, 40 N.Y.2d at 53, 386 N.Y.S.2d 28, 351 N.E.2d 675 ; People v. Thomas, 143 A.D.3d at 923, 39 N.Y.S.3d 214 ; People v. Ayala, 121 A.D.3d at 1125, 997 N.Y.S.2d 81 ).
Contrary to the People's contention, the issue is preserved for appellate review (see CPL 470.05[2] ). Moreover, the error cannot be deemed harmless since the evidence of the defendant's guilt, without reference to the error, was not overwhelming, and it cannot be said that there is no significant probability that the jury would have acquitted the defendant had it not been for the error (see People v. Crimmins, 36 N.Y.2d 230, 241–242, 367 N.Y.S.2d 213, 326 N.E.2d 787 ). Accordingly, the judgment must be reversed and a new trial ordered.
Since there must be a new trial, we note that, although the issue is unpreserved for appellate review (see CPL 470.05[2] ), the defendant correctly contends that "the Supreme Court failed to engage in the appropriate balancing between the probative worth of the convictions on the issue of the defendant's credibility against the possible prejudice to the defendant, and, instead, improperly conditioned its Sandoval ruling on whether defense counsel would impeach the People's witnesses with their criminal histories" ( People v. Brannon, 199 A.D.3d 826, 826–827, 154 N.Y.S.3d 273 [citations omitted]; see People v. Sandoval, 34 N.Y.2d 371, 376, 357 N.Y.S.2d 849, 314 N.E.2d 413 ; People v. Brown, 84 A.D.2d 819, 820, 444 N.Y.S.2d 121 ).
The defendant's remaining contentions need not be reached in light of our determination.
RIVERA, J.P., MILLER, CHRISTOPHER and TAYLOR, JJ., concur.