Hill v Harbor Steel Supply Corp, 374 Mich. 194, 215; 134 N.W.2d 54 (1965); 2 Torcia, Wharton's Criminal Evidence (14th ed), § 434, pp 749-750.People v Rodgers, 388 Mich. 513, 519; 201 N.W.2d 621 (1972). The prosecutor's method of impeachment in Rodgers resembled the method employed here.
Further testimony based on the police report absent its qualification as an item of evidence as set forth above was properly disregarded by the trial court. People v Rodgers, 388 Mich. 513, 519; 201 N.W.2d 621, 624 (1972); McCormick, Evidence (2d ed), § 9. We mention in passing that MCLA 257.622; MSA 9.2322 and MCLA 257.624; MSA 9.2324 have no application in this case.
The statement was hearsay, an extrajudicial statement by the court reporter who transcribed it offered to prove the truth of the thing said, and its admission as a past recollection recorded without proper foundation was error. People v Rodgers, 388 Mich. 513, 519; 201 N.W.2d 621, 624 (1972). If, on retrial, the statement is offered under the past recollection recorded exception to the hearsay rule, rather than being used to refresh present recollection, the court reporter who transcribed the statement, and not the assistant prosecutor who elicited it, shall be called as a witness.
" Applying the rule in Jaxon, the Michigan Supreme Court in People v Rodgers, 388 Mich. 513, 519; 201 N.W.2d 621, 624 (1972), said: "The written memorandum was read to the jury.
Furthermore, we disagree with the Court of Appeals that the affidavits of merit submitted by plaintiff are inadmissible as impeachment evidence. While evidence used exclusively for impeachment purposes is not substantively admissible without an independent basis, and therefore may not be introduced as an exhibit for the jury's consideration, People v Rodgers, 388 Mich 513, 519; 201 NW2d 621 (1972); People v Wythcerly, 172 Mich App 213, 220; 431 NW2d 463 (1988); People v Alexander, 112 Mich App 74, 77; 314 NW2d 801 (1981), here, the affidavits of merit are admissible into evidence because they are party-admissions. MRE 613, which sets forth a set of preconditions for impeachment, provides:
A previous inconsistent statement of a witness, admissible to impeach credibility, is not regarded as an exception to the hearsay rule because it is not offered as substantive evidence to prove the truth of the statement, but only to prove that the witness in fact made the statement. People v Rodgers, 388 Mich. 513; 201 N.W.2d 621 (1972). We first note that there are foundational problems concerning admission of the statement under this rule.
The defendant argues, however, that the typewritten, unsigned statement was hearsay, relying principally on Judge Levin's dissenting opinion in People v. Rodgers, 36 Mich. App. 211, 220-31, 193 N.W.2d 412 (1971), which was adopted by the Michigan Supreme Court when it reversed the decision of the Michigan Court of Appeals. People v. Rodgers, 388 Mich. 513, 201 N.W.2d 621 (1972). In Rodgers, a police detective, over the objection of the defendant, read a memorandum containing a statement allegedly taken from a defense witness who never signed it. The trial court had admitted the statement under the past recollection recorded exception to the hearsay rule.
"' For other analyses see People v Shirk, 383 Mich. 180; 174 N.W.2d 772 (1970) and People v Rodgers, 388 Mich. 513; 201 N.W.2d 621 (1972). Our analysis need not proceed further than the first question listed in Wichman.
Id. The report prepared by Schmaltz comprised hearsay because it involved an out of court statement by BB, and as such it was not admissible. Jenkins, 450 Mich at 256, citing People v Rodgers, 388 Mich 513, 519; 201 NW2d 621 (1972). The report "was an extra judicial statement [by Schmaltz] offered to prove the truth of the thing said (that [BB] had spoken the words imputed to [her])."
Because a written memorandum of an oral statement is itself hearsay, allowing the impeaching witness to read from the written memorandum of the statement constitutes the admission of hearsay, unless a proper foundation is laid for admission as past recollection recorded. As stated in People v Rodgers, 388 Mich 513, 519; 201 NW2d 621 (1972), the impeaching witness is not relating what he heard, but offering "an extrajudicial statement . . . to prove the truth ofthe thing said (that [the impeached witness] had spoken the words imputed to him).