Opinion
2014-08-20
The PEOPLE, etc., respondent, v. Raul NUNEZ, appellant.
Lynn W.L. Fahey, New York, N.Y. (Denise A. Corsi of counsel), for appellant, and appellant pro se. Richard A. Brown, District Attorney, Kew Gardens, N.Y. (John M. Castellano, Johnnette Traill, and Emil Bricker of counsel), for respondent.
Lynn W.L. Fahey, New York, N.Y. (Denise A. Corsi of counsel), for appellant, and appellant pro se. Richard A. Brown, District Attorney, Kew Gardens, N.Y. (John M. Castellano, Johnnette Traill, and Emil Bricker of counsel), for respondent.
WILLIAM F. MASTRO, J.P., PLUMMER E. LOTT, SANDRA L. SGROI, and HECTOR D. LaSALLE, JJ.
Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Queens County (Kron, J.), rendered April 7, 2011, convicting him of attempted manslaughter in the first degree (two counts), aggravated assault upon a police officer, criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree, attempted assault in the first degree (two counts), assault on a police officer, theft of services, and resisting arrest, upon a jury verdict, and imposing sentence. The appeal brings up for review the denial, after a hearing (Gross, J.), of that branch of the defendant's omnibus motion which was to suppress his statements to law enforcement officials.
ORDERED that the judgment is modified, on the law, by vacating the conviction of assault on a police officer, as charged in count ten of the indictment, vacating the sentence imposed thereon, and remitting the matter to the Supreme Court, Queens County, for a new trial as to that count of the indictment; as so modified, the judgment is affirmed.
The charges against the defendant arose from an incident in which he shot and seriously wounded two police officers in a subway station, and allegedly attempted to shoot a third officer.
Contrary to the defendant's contention, the Supreme Court did not err in denying his request to charge assault in the second degree under Penal Law § 120.05(4) as a lesser-included offense of the counts of attempted assault in the first degree and aggravated assault upon a police officer, with respect to the shooting of Police Officer Farina. When viewed in the light most favorable to the defendant, there was no reasonable view of the evidence that the defendant acted recklessly, rather than intentionally, in firing a gun at Officer Farina, particularly as the record showed that the defendant grabbed a gun belonging to a police officer during a physical struggle with Officer Farina and then fired the gun in close proximity to Officer Farina, striking him ( see People v. Gutt, 101 A.D.3d 423, 424, 954 N.Y.S.2d 535; People v. Funchess, 284 A.D.2d 478, 728 N.Y.S.2d 175; People v. Ellis, 230 A.D.2d 751, 646 N.Y.S.2d 452).
However, the Supreme Court should have submitted a justification charge to the jury with respect to the crime of assault on a police officer under Penal Law § 120.08, as charged in count ten of the indictment. As relevant here, “justification is comprised of both subjective and objective elements. The subjective element is concerned with whether the defendant believed that the use of deadly force was necessary; while under the objective prong, the jury must consider whether a reasonable person in the defendant's circumstances would have believed that deadly force was required” (People v. Umali, 10 N.Y.3d 417, 425, 859 N.Y.S.2d 104, 888 N.E.2d 1046). When a defense of justification is raised, “the People must demonstrate beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant did not believe deadly force was necessary or that a reasonable person in the same situation would not have perceived that deadly force was necessary” ( id.). A trial “court is obliged to give a justification charge whenever the evidence, reasonably viewed in the light most favorable to the defendant, supports the charge” (People v. Lauderdale, 295 A.D.2d 539, 540, 746 N.Y.S.2d 163; see People v. Padgett, 60 N.Y.2d 142, 144, 468 N.Y.S.2d 854, 456 N.E.2d 795; People v. Torres, 288 A.D.2d 406, 732 N.Y.S.2d 898).
Contrary to the determination of the Supreme Court, the defense of justification is potentially applicable to the crime of assault on a police officer under Penal Law § 120.08 ( see People v. Cain, 236 A.D.2d 788, 653 N.Y.S.2d 739; People v. Dare, 175 A.D.2d 586, 586–587, 572 N.Y.S.2d 251; see also People v. Magliato, 68 N.Y.2d 24, 29, 505 N.Y.S.2d 836, 496 N.E.2d 856). Further, a reasonable view of the evidence in this case supported a justification charge with respect to count ten of the indictment charging the defendant with assault on a police officer under Penal Law § 120.08 ( see People v. Fermin, 36 A.D.3d 934, 935–936, 828 N.Y.S.2d 546; see also People v. Molina, 101 A.D.3d 577, 955 N.Y.S.2d 514; People v. Curry, 85 A.D.3d 1209, 1211–1212, 924 N.Y.S.2d 217). Consequently, the defendant is entitled to a new trial as to count ten of the indictment. However, contrary to the defendant's assertion, there was no “spillover” effect emanating from this error with respect to the remaining charges as, inter alia, the trial court delivered a justification charge with respect to the remaining counts to which it was applicable.
The Supreme Court did not improvidently exercise its discretion in denying the jury's request for a readback of the defense summation remarks ( see People v. Smith, 4 A.D.3d 378, 770 N.Y.S.2d 876; People v. Dixon, 277 A.D.2d 65, 717 N.Y.S.2d 517).
The sentences imposed with respect to the convictions of attempted manslaughter in the first degree (two counts), aggravated assault upon a police officer, criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree, attempted assault in the first degree (two counts), theft of services, and resisting arrest were not excessive ( see People v. Suitte, 90 A.D.2d 80, 455 N.Y.S.2d 675).
With respect to the first contention raised by the defendant in his pro se supplemental brief, in fulfilling our responsibility to conduct an independent review of the weight of the evidence ( seeCPL 470.15[5]; People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1), we nevertheless accord great deference to the jury's opportunity to view the witnesses, hear the testimony, and observe demeanor ( see People v. Mateo, 2 N.Y.3d 383, 410, 779 N.Y.S.2d 399, 811 N.E.2d 1053; People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672). Upon reviewing the record here, we are satisfied that the verdict of guilt with respect to the crimes of attempted manslaughter in the first degree (two counts) and aggravated assault upon a police officer was not against the weight of the evidence ( see People v. Romero, 7 N.Y.3d 633, 826 N.Y.S.2d 163, 859 N.E.2d 902). Further, under the circumstances of this case, the defendant was properly convicted of attempted manslaughter in the first degree. Where, as here, a defendant raises the affirmative defense of extreme emotional disturbance to mitigate a charge of attempted murder, he or she may be convicted of attempted manslaughter in the first degree if the jury accepts that defense ( seePenal Law 110.00, 125.20[2]; People v. Rabideau, 82 A.D.3d 1283, 1285–1286, 918 N.Y.S.2d 247; People v. Ledesma, 300 A.D.2d 72, 750 N.Y.S.2d 755; People v. Motter, 235 A.D.2d 582, 584, 653 N.Y.S.2d 378; People v. White, 125 A.D.2d 932, 933, 510 N.Y.S.2d 329; see also People v. Robinson, 143 A.D.2d 376, 377, 532 N.Y.S.2d 411; People v. Harris, 138 A.D.2d 626, 627, 526 N.Y.S.2d 210; People v. Tabarez, 113 A.D.2d 461, 462, 497 N.Y.S.2d 80, affd. 69 N.Y.2d 663, 511 N.Y.S.2d 832, 503 N.E.2d 1369).
The defendant failed to preserve for appellate review his contentions regarding the jury charge as to extreme emotional disturbance, and regarding the form of the verdict sheet ( seeCPL 470.05[2] ). In any event, these contentions are without merit ( seePenal Law § 125.20[2]; see also Penal Law § 125.25[1][a]).
Contrary to the defendant's contention, the Supreme Court did not err in imposing consecutive sentences with respect to counts two and five of the indictment, as the record showed that those counts were based on separate and discrete events ( see People v. McKnight, 16 N.Y.3d 43, 49–50, 917 N.Y.S.2d 594, 942 N.E.2d 1019; People v. Crawford, 112 A.D.3d 734, 976 N.Y.S.2d 568: see also People v. Holmes, 92 A.D.3d 957, 938 N.Y.S.2d 902).
The defendant failed to preserve for appellate review his contention regarding the trial court's response to certain jury notes. Further, the alleged error did not affect the mode of trial proceedings; thus, preservation was required ( see People v. Williams, 21 N.Y.3d 932, 934–935, 969 N.Y.S.2d 421, 991 N.E.2d 195). In any event, this contention is without merit ( see People v. Almodovar, 62 N.Y.2d 126, 131–132, 476 N.Y.S.2d 95, 464 N.E.2d 463).
The hearing court did not err in denying that branch of the defendant's omnibus motion which was to suppress his statements to law enforcement officials. The hearing record showed that notwithstanding his injuries, the defendant made a knowing, voluntary, and intelligent waiver of his Miranda rights ( see Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694; People v. Legere, 81 A.D.3d 746, 748, 916 N.Y.S.2d 187; People v. Braithwaite, 286 A.D.2d 507, 729 N.Y.S.2d 636; People v. Pearce, 283 A.D.2d 1007, 725 N.Y.S.2d 247).
The record, in totality, shows that the defendant was afforded the effective assistance of counsel ( see People v. Benevento, 91 N.Y.2d 708, 712, 674 N.Y.S.2d 629, 697 N.E.2d 584; People v. Baldi, 54 N.Y.2d 137, 147, 444 N.Y.S.2d 893, 429 N.E.2d 400).