Opinion
981 KA 18-01952
02-04-2022
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Gregory M. NOONAN, Defendant-Appellant.
PETER J. DIGIORGIO, JR., UTICA, FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. KRISTYNA S. MILLS, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, WATERTOWN (PATRICIA L. DZIUBA OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
PETER J. DIGIORGIO, JR., UTICA, FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
KRISTYNA S. MILLS, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, WATERTOWN (PATRICIA L. DZIUBA OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
PRESENT: CARNI, J.P., LINDLEY, NEMOYER, WINSLOW, AND BANNISTER, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.
Memorandum: Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him upon a jury verdict of, inter alia, murder in the second degree ( Penal Law § 125.25 [1] ) and assault in the second degree (§ 120.05 [1]). Defendant failed to preserve for our review his challenge to County Court's Sandoval ruling (see People v. Brown , 159 A.D.3d 1415, 1416, 70 N.Y.S.3d 144 [4th Dept. 2018], lv denied 31 N.Y.3d 1115, 81 N.Y.S.3d 375, 106 N.E.3d 758 [2018] ). We decline to exercise our power to review that contention as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see CPL 470.15 [6] [a] ).
Defendant contends that the court erred in submitting to the jury an annotated verdict sheet. The record reveals, however, that defendant, after having the opportunity to review the annotated verdict sheet, failed to object and thereby consented to its submission to the jury (see People v. Johnson , 96 A.D.3d 1586, 1587-1588, 946 N.Y.S.2d 769 [4th Dept. 2012], lv denied 19 N.Y.3d 1027, 953 N.Y.S.2d 560, 978 N.E.2d 112 [2012] ).
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the People (see People v. Contes , 60 N.Y.2d 620, 621, 467 N.Y.S.2d 349, 454 N.E.2d 932 [1983] ), we conclude that the evidence is legally sufficient to support the conviction of murder in the second degree (see generally People v. Bleakley , 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 [1987] ). "It is well established that a defendant's [i]ntent to kill may be inferred from [his] conduct as well as the circumstances surrounding the crime ..., and that a jury is entitled to infer that a defendant intended the natural and probable consequences of his acts" ( People v. Hough , 151 A.D.3d 1591, 1593, 57 N.Y.S.3d 780 [4th Dept. 2017], lv denied 30 N.Y.3d 950, 67 N.Y.S.3d 133, 89 N.E.3d 523 [2017] [internal quotation marks omitted]). Here, the People presented evidence that defendant and the victim were alone in the apartment bedroom and arguing at the time of the victim's death. The medical examiner's testimony established that the victim sustained hemorrhages on her skull caused by separate blows to the head or by pounding her head against a hard surface. The victim also sustained hemorrhages in her larynx and around her trachea which, according to the medical examiner, could have resulted only from external compression. Moreover, the medical examiner testified that the victim also sustained fatal damage to her liver as a result of blunt force trauma to her abdomen. Consequently, we conclude that the evidence is legally sufficient to establish defendant's intent to kill the victim (see generally id. ). Similarly, to the extent that defendant contends that his conviction of assault in the second degree is based on insufficient evidence because the People failed to establish his intent to cause serious physical injury (see Penal Law § 120.05 [1] ), we reject that contention (see People v. Massey , 140 A.D.3d 1736, 1737, 32 N.Y.S.3d 419 [4th Dept. 2016], lv denied 28 N.Y.3d 972, 43 N.Y.S.3d 259, 66 N.E.3d 5 [2016] ). In addition, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes of murder in the second degree and assault in the second degree as charged to the jury (see People v. Danielson , 9 N.Y.3d 342, 349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1 [2007] ), we conclude that the verdict with respect to those crimes is not against the weight of the evidence (see generally Bleakley , 69 N.Y.2d at 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 ).
Defendant contends that the court abused its discretion in permitting a witness to testify to a prior statement made by defendant in which defendant admitted that he had previously punched the victim in the stomach because doing so does not leave marks. As an initial matter, we conclude that defendant preserved his contention for our review (see People v. Sheehan , 105 A.D.3d 873, 874, 963 N.Y.S.2d 309 [2d Dept. 2013], lv denied 21 N.Y.3d 1020, 971 N.Y.S.2d 502, 994 N.E.2d 398 [2013] ; cf. People v. Cayea , 163 A.D.3d 1279, 1280, 82 N.Y.S.3d 213 [3d Dept. 2018], lv denied 32 N.Y.3d 1109, 91 N.Y.S.3d 361, 115 N.E.3d 633 [2018] ). We nonetheless conclude that the court did not err in allowing that testimony because the statement was relevant to establish defendant's intent and motive (see People v. Dixon , 171 A.D.3d 1470, 1471, 99 N.Y.S.3d 534 [4th Dept. 2019], lv denied 33 N.Y.3d 1104, 106 N.Y.S.3d 681, 130 N.E.3d 1291 [2019] ; see generally People v. Leonard , 29 N.Y.3d 1, 7, 51 N.Y.S.3d 4, 73 N.E.3d 344 [2017] ; People v. Westerling , 48 A.D.3d 965, 966-968, 852 N.Y.S.2d 429 [3d Dept. 2008] ), and the probative value of that evidence outweighed the potential for prejudice (see generally People v. Allweiss , 48 N.Y.2d 40, 46-47, 421 N.Y.S.2d 341, 396 N.E.2d 735 [1979] ).
Defendant's sentence is not unduly harsh or severe.
We have reviewed defendant's remaining contentions and conclude that they are without merit.