Opinion
2012-05739
11-12-2015
The PEOPLE, etc., respondent, v. Anthony McCORD, appellant.
Carter Ledyard & Milburn, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Alan S. Lewis of counsel), for appellant. Kenneth P. Thompson, District Attorney, Brooklyn, N.Y. (Leonard Joblove and Thomas M. Ross of counsel), for respondent.
Carter Ledyard & Milburn, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Alan S. Lewis of counsel), for appellant.
Kenneth P. Thompson, District Attorney, Brooklyn, N.Y. (Leonard Joblove and Thomas M. Ross of counsel), for respondent.
Opinion
Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Ozzi, J.), rendered May 24, 2012, convicting him of burglary in the first degree, robbery in the second degree (two counts), assault in the second degree, and criminal possession of stolen property in the fifth degree, upon a jury verdict, and imposing sentence.
ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.
The defendant contends that the People failed to present legally sufficient evidence of his guilt of burglary in the first degree. Specifically, the defendant contends that the evidence was insufficient to establish that his entry into the subject dwelling was unlawful (see Penal Law § 140.30). Contrary to the defendant's contention, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution (see People v. Contes, 60 N.Y.2d 620, 621, 467 N.Y.S.2d 349, 454 N.E.2d 932), we find that it was legally sufficient to establish that he had no license or privilege to enter the dwelling, and therefore his entry was unlawful (see Penal Law § 140.00; cf. People v. Graves, 76 N.Y.2d 16, 20, 556 N.Y.S.2d 16, 555 N.E.2d 268; People v. Miller, 32 N.Y.2d 157, 159, 344 N.Y.S.2d 342, 297 N.E.2d 85). Moreover, upon the exercise of our factual review power (see CPL 470.15 5 ), we are satisfied that the verdict of guilt as to burglary in the first degree was not against the weight of the evidence (see People v. Romero, 7 N.Y.3d 633, 826 N.Y.S.2d 163, 859 N.E.2d 902).
The Supreme Court did not err in allowing the defendant to represent himself at trial. The record, as a whole, demonstrates that the defendant made a knowing, voluntary, and intelligent decision to waive his right to counsel and to proceed pro se (see People v. Crampe, 17 N.Y.3d 469, 481–482, 932 N.Y.S.2d 765, 957 N.E.2d 255; cf. People v. Arroyo, 98 N.Y.2d 101, 103–104, 745 N.Y.S.2d 796, 772 N.E.2d 1154; People v. Slaughter, 78 N.Y.2d 485, 491, 577 N.Y.S.2d 206, 583 N.E.2d 919; Matter of Lawrence S., 29 N.Y.2d 206, 208–209, 325 N.Y.S.2d 921, 275 N.E.2d 577). Contrary to the defendant's assertion, neither the United States Supreme Court nor the New York Court of Appeals has “prescribed any formula or script to be read to a defendant who states that he elects to proceed without counsel” (Iowa v. Tovar, 541 U.S. 77, 88, 124 S.Ct. 1379, 158 L.Ed.2d 209; see People v. Crampe, 17 N.Y.3d at 482, 932 N.Y.S.2d 765, 957 N.E.2d 255). The trial court adequately warned the defendant of the risk inherent in proceeding pro se, and apprised him of the singular importance of the lawyer in the adversarial system of adjudication (see People v. Crampe, 17 N.Y.3d at 482, 932 N.Y.S.2d 765, 957 N.E.2d 255; People v. Smith, 92 N.Y.2d 516, 520, 683 N.Y.S.2d 164, 705 N.E.2d 1205; People v. Arroyo, 98 N.Y.2d at 104, 745 N.Y.S.2d 796, 772 N.E.2d 1154).
The defendant failed to preserve for appellate review his challenge to the Supreme Court's instruction to the jury with respect to the “knowingly” element of the crime of burglary in the first degree (see CPL 470.052; Penal Law §§ 15.052, 140.30). In any event, the court's charge, taken as a whole, conveyed the correct standard to the jury (see People v. Umali, 10 N.Y.3d 417, 426–427, 859 N.Y.S.2d 104, 888 N.E.2d 1046; People v. Drake, 7 N.Y.3d 28, 32, 817 N.Y.S.2d 583, 850 N.E.2d 630; People v. Ladd, 89 N.Y.2d 893, 895, 653 N.Y.S.2d 259, 675 N.E.2d 1211).
The sentence imposed was not excessive (see People v. Suitte, 90 A.D.2d 80, 455 N.Y.S.2d 675).
The defendant's remaining contentions are unpreserved for appellate review and, in any event, without merit.