Opinion
2018–08715
09-11-2019
PEOPLE of State of New York, Respondent, v. Lamar MCCLENDON, Appellant.
Laurette D. Mulry, Riverhead, N.Y. (Lisa Marcoccia of counsel), for appellant. Timothy D. Sini, District Attorney, Riverhead, N.Y. (Edward A. Bannan of counsel), for respondent.
Laurette D. Mulry, Riverhead, N.Y. (Lisa Marcoccia of counsel), for appellant.
Timothy D. Sini, District Attorney, Riverhead, N.Y. (Edward A. Bannan of counsel), for respondent.
WILLIAM F. MASTRO, J.P., JOHN M. LEVENTHAL, FRANCESCA E. CONNOLLY, ANGELA G. IANNACCI, JJ.
DECISION & ORDER ORDERED that the order is affirmed, without costs or disbursements.
In 2006, the defendant was convicted, upon his plea of guilty, of rape in the first degree ( Penal Law § 130.35[4] ), course of sexual conduct against a child in the first degree ( Penal Law § 130.75[1][b] ), and endangering the welfare of a child ( Penal Law § 260.10[1] ). Prior to his release from prison, the Board of Examiners of Sex Offenders (hereinafter the Board) assessed the defendant a total of 120 points, which, if accepted by the court, would make him a presumptive level three sex offender. Insofar as relevant here, the Board assessed 15 points for risk factor 11 (drug or alcohol abuse, history of abuse) and did not assess any points for risk factor 1 (use of violence, used forcible compulsion). Following a hearing pursuant to the Sex Offender Registration Act (see Correction Law art 6–C [hereinafter SORA] ), the Supreme Court assessed the defendant a total of 130 points. The court assessed the defendant all of the points assessed by the Board, including 15 points under risk factor 11 for his history of drug and alcohol abuse. In addition, the court assessed the defendant 10 points under risk factor 1 for the defendant's use of forcible compulsion. The court denied the defendant's request for a downward departure from the presumptive risk level, and designated the defendant a level three sex offender. The defendant appeals.
We agree with the Supreme Court's determination that clear and convincing evidence supported the assessment of points under risk factors 1 and 11. Through the victim's sworn grand jury testimony and written statement to the police, the People established by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant used forcible compulsion in the rape of the victim and in the course of sexual conduct against her (see People v. Sincerbeaux , 27 N.Y.3d 683, 688–689, 37 N.Y.S.3d 39, 57 N.E.3d 1076 ; People v. Fontaine , 164 A.D.3d 533, 534, 77 N.Y.S.3d 867 ; People v. Fowara , 128 A.D.3d 932, 933, 9 N.Y.S.3d 390 ). Although forcible compulsion was not an element of the offense to which the defendant pleaded guilty (see Penal Law § 130.35[4] ), the court was not limited solely to consideration of the crimes of which the defendant was convicted in assessing points (see SORA: Risk Assessment Guidelines and Commentary at 5 [2006]; People v. Sincerbeaux , 27 N.Y.3d at 687–688, 37 N.Y.S.3d 39, 57 N.E.3d 1076 ; People v. Fowara , 128 A.D.3d at 933, 9 N.Y.S.3d 390 ; People v. Snay , 122 A.D.3d 1012, 1013, 995 N.Y.S.2d 422 ). Accordingly, we agree with the court's determination to assess 10 points under risk factor 1 (use of violence, used forcible compulsion). We also agree with the court's determination to assess points under risk factor 11 (drug or alcohol abuse, history of abuse) based upon the defendant's admissions that he had a history of drug and alcohol abuse and that he was abusing drugs at the time of the rape (see People v. Perry , 165 A.D.3d 990, 991, 84 N.Y.S.3d 567 ; People v. Rosario , 164 A.D.3d 625, 626, 81 N.Y.S.3d 566 ; People v. Villanueva , 143 A.D.3d 794, 38 N.Y.S.3d 805 ; People v. Crandall , 90 A.D.3d 628, 629–630, 934 N.Y.S.2d 446 ). The defendant's abstention from the use of alcohol and drugs during his incarceration does not render the assessment of points under risk factor 11 improper (see People v. Moultrie , 147 A.D.3d 800, 801, 45 N.Y.S.3d 590 ).
A defendant seeking a downward departure from the presumptive risk level has the initial burden of "(1) identifying, as a matter of law, an appropriate mitigating factor, namely, a factor which tends to establish a lower likelihood of reoffense or danger to the community and is of a kind, or to a degree, that is otherwise not adequately taken into account by the [SORA] Guidelines; and (2) establishing the facts in support of its existence by a preponderance of the evidence" ( People v. Wyatt , 89 A.D.3d 112, 128, 931 N.Y.S.2d 85 ; see People v. Gillotti , 23 N.Y.3d 841, 861, 994 N.Y.S.2d 1, 18 N.E.3d 701 ; see also SORA: Risk Assessment Guidelines and Commentary at 4 [2006] ). If the defendant makes that twofold showing, the court must exercise its discretion by weighing the mitigating factor to determine whether the totality of the circumstances warrants a departure to avoid an over-assessment of the defendant's dangerousness and risk of sexual recidivism (see People v. Gillotti , 23 N.Y.3d at 861, 994 N.Y.S.2d 1, 18 N.E.3d 701 ; People v. Champagne , 140 A.D.3d 719, 720, 31 N.Y.S.3d 218 ).
Here, the Supreme Court providently exercised its discretion in denying the defendant's application for a downward departure from his presumptive risk level designation. While "a defendant's response to treatment may qualify as a ground for a downward departure where the response is exceptional" ( People v. Wallace , 144 A.D.3d 775, 776, 40 N.Y.S.3d 561 ; see People v. Torres , 124 A.D.3d 744, 745–746, 998 N.Y.S.2d 464 ; People v. Migliaccio , 90 A.D.3d 879, 880, 935 N.Y.S.2d 603 ), the defendant failed to submit evidence demonstrating that his response to any treatment was exceptional. Further, "[a]lthough ‘advanced age’ may constitute a basis for a downward departure" ( People v. Munoz , 155 A.D.3d 1068, 1069, 64 N.Y.S.3d 594 ), the defendant failed to demonstrate that his age at the time of the SORA hearing, 60 years old, constituted an appropriate mitigating factor and minimized his risk of reoffense, particularly since the rape of the victim took place when the defendant was 47 years old (see People v. Tromba , 157 A.D.3d 915, 916, 66 N.Y.S.3d 907 ; People v. Munoz , 155 A.D.3d at 1069, 64 N.Y.S.3d 594 ; People v. DeJesus , 127 A.D.3d 1047, 1047, 5 N.Y.S.3d 893 ; People v. Shelton , 126 A.D.3d 959, 959–960, 6 N.Y.S.3d 121 ; People v. Harris , 93 A.D.3d 704, 706, 940 N.Y.S.2d 127 ).
Accordingly, we agree with the Supreme Court's designation of the defendant as a level three sex offender.
MASTRO, J.P., LEVENTHAL, CONNOLLY and IANNACCI, JJ., concur.