Opinion
1124 KA 14-01652.
10-06-2017
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Arthur LEWIS, Defendant–Appellant.
Frank H. Hiscock Legal Aid Society, Syracuse (Sara A. Goldfarb of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. William J. Fitzpatrick, District Attorney, Syracuse (Nicole K. Intschert of Counsel), for Respondent.
Frank H. Hiscock Legal Aid Society, Syracuse (Sara A. Goldfarb of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant.
William J. Fitzpatrick, District Attorney, Syracuse (Nicole K. Intschert of Counsel), for Respondent.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., PERADOTTO, LINDLEY, DeJOSEPH, AND WINSLOW, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
On appeal from a judgment convicting him following a jury trial of rape in the third degree ( Penal Law § 130.25[2] ), forcible touching (former § 130.52), and two counts of endangering the welfare of a child (§ 260.10[1] ), defendant contends that he was denied a fair trial by prosecutorial misconduct. We conclude that "[d]efendant failed to object to the prosecutor's cross-examination of defendant and the prosecutor's comments during summation, and thus failed to preserve for our review his contentions concerning the alleged prosecutorial misconduct" ( People v. Gibson, 280 A.D.2d 903, 903, 720 N.Y.S.2d 438, lv. denied 96 N.Y.2d 862, 730 N.Y.S.2d 36, 754 N.E.2d 1119 ).
We reject defendant's alternative contention that defense counsel was ineffective for failing to object to the prosecutor's cross-examination of defendant and the prosecutor's comments during summation inasmuch as failure to make an objection that has little or no chance of success does not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel (see People v. Douglas, 60 A.D.3d 1377, 1377–1378, 875 N.Y.S.2d 723, lv. denied 12 N.Y.3d 914, 884 N.Y.S.2d 695, 912 N.E.2d 1076 ; see generally People v. Caban, 5 N.Y.3d 143, 152, 800 N.Y.S.2d 70, 833 N.E.2d 213 ). We agree with defendant that, generally, it is improper for a prosecutor to force a defendant on cross-examination to characterize the prosecution witnesses as liars (see e.g. People v. Hicks, 100 A.D.3d 1379, 1379, 953 N.Y.S.2d 770 ; People v. McClary, 85 A.D.3d 1622, 1624, 925 N.Y.S.2d 307 ; People v. Edwards, 167 A.D.2d 864, 864, 561 N.Y.S.2d 964, lv. denied 77 N.Y.2d 877, 568 N.Y.S.2d 920, 571 N.E.2d 90 ). Nevertheless, "a distinction has to be made between a defendant's testimony that conflicts with that of the People's witnesses and yet is susceptible to the suggestion that the witnesses spoke out of mistake or hazy recollection and the situation where, as here, the defendant's testimony leaves open only the suggestion that the People's witnesses have lied. In the latter circumstance, the prosecution has the right to ask whether the witnesses are liars" ( People v. Overlee, 236 A.D.2d 133, 139, 666 N.Y.S.2d 572, lv. denied 91 N.Y.2d 976, 672 N.Y.S.2d 855, 695 N.E.2d 724 ; see People v. Walker, 117 A.D.3d 1441, 1441, 986 N.Y.S.2d 284, lv.
denied 23 N.Y.3d 1044, 993 N.Y.S.2d 258, 17 N.E.3d 513 ; People v. Head, 90 A.D.3d 1157, 1158, 933 N.Y.S.2d 774 ).
Moreover, although we again agree with defendant that courts have "disapproved of a prosecutor, in summation, characterizing the defense theory as a ‘conspiracy’ by the ... prosecution witnesses to convict the defendant" ( People v. Hayes, 48 A.D.3d 831, 831, 851 N.Y.S.2d 365, lv. denied 10 N.Y.3d 959, 863 N.Y.S.2d 143, 893 N.E.2d 449 ), we conclude that the prosecutor's remarks constituted a fair response to the defense counsel's summation (see id.; People v. Perkins, 24 A.D.3d 890, 891–892, 804 N.Y.S.2d 698, lv. denied 6 N.Y.3d 816, 812 N.Y.S.2d 456, 845 N.E.2d 1287 ; People v. Thomas, 226 A.D.2d 290, 290, 642 N.Y.S.2d 624, lv. denied 88 N.Y.2d 995, 649 N.Y.S.2d 402, 672 N.E.2d 628 ). In summation, defense counsel argued that the victims had fabricated their testimony and had "conspire[d] to hurt [defendant] and hurt him in the worst way."
With respect to the remaining allegations of prosecutorial misconduct, we conclude that the prosecutor did not improperly vouch for the credibility of the prosecution witnesses. Rather, "the prosecutor's attempts to persuade the jurors as to the credibility of the victim[s] and [their] account[s] constituted fair comment on the evidence ... and fair response to the summation of defense counsel" ( People v. Redfield, 144 A.D.3d 1548, 1550, 41 N.Y.S.3d 632, lv. denied 28 N.Y.3d 1187, 52 N.Y.S.3d 714, 75 N.E.3d 106 ).
Viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes as charged to the jury (see People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1 ), and " ‘weighing the probative value of the conflicting testimony and the conflicting inferences that could be drawn, while deferring to the jurors' ability to observe the witnesses and assess their credibility,’ " we conclude that it was not contrary to the weight of the credible evidence for the jury to determine that defendant committed the charged offenses ( People v. Tuszynski, 120 A.D.3d 1568, 1569, 993 N.Y.S.2d 402, lv. denied 25 N.Y.3d 954, 7 N.Y.S.3d 283, 30 N.E.3d 174 ; see generally People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 ). The jury heard testimony from both victims and from defendant, and the jury was entitled to credit the testimony of the victims, which was amply corroborated by other evidence and was not incredible as a matter of law (see People v. Smith, 60 A.D.3d 1367, 1367, 876 N.Y.S.2d 278, lv. denied 12 N.Y.3d 921, 884 N.Y.S.2d 702, 912 N.E.2d 1083 ). Even assuming, arguendo, that a different verdict would not have been unreasonable, we note that "the jury was in the best position to assess the credibility of the witnesses and, on this record, it cannot be said that the jury failed to give the evidence the weight it should be accorded" ( People v. Carter, 145 A.D.3d 1567, 1568, 43 N.Y.S.3d 651 [internal quotation marks omitted] ).
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.