Opinion
2014-07-17
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Albert LAWING, Appellant.
Marshall Nadan, Kingston, for appellant. D. Holley Carnright, District Attorney, Kingston (Shirley Huang of counsel), for respondent.
Marshall Nadan, Kingston, for appellant. D. Holley Carnright, District Attorney, Kingston (Shirley Huang of counsel), for respondent.
Before: STEIN, J.P., McCARTHY, EGAN JR., LYNCH and CLARK, JJ.
LYNCH, J.
Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Ulster County (Williams, J.), rendered August 26, 2011, upon a verdict convicting defendant of the crimes of assault in the first degree, attempted murder in the second degree, criminal use of a firearm in the first degree and criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree (two counts).
Defendant was charged in an indictment with assault in the first degree, attempted murder in the second degree, criminal use of a firearm in the first degree, two counts of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree, and assault in the second degree. The charges related to the shooting of the victim on the evening of July 1, 2010 in the City of Kingston, Ulster County. The matter proceeded to a jury trial during which several witnesses to the incident identified defendant as the shooter, but the victim did not testify. At the close of the People's case, defendant requested a missing witness charge with respect to the victim. County Court rejected the request, and the jury subsequently convicted defendant of all charges except assault in the second degree.
Defendant then moved to set aside the verdict pursuant to CPL 330.30, alleging, as relevant here, that the People had engaged in prosecutorial misconduct by misrepresenting to County Court that they had engaged in diligent efforts to locate the victim prior to trial. Following a hearing, the court concluded that diligent efforts had been made and that defendant had not been denied a fair trial by the People's representations in that regard. Thereafter, the court sentenced defendant to an aggregate term of 25 years in prison, with five years of postrelease supervision, prompting this appeal.
Defendant primarily argues that County Court abused its discretion in denying his request for a missing witness charge. “The three preconditions for the charge are that the witness's knowledge must be material to an issue in the case, the testimony must be expected to be noncumulative and favorable to the party against whom the charge is sought, and the witness must be available to that party” ( People v. Onyia, 70 A.D.3d 1202, 1204, 894 N.Y.S.2d 610 [2010] [citation omitted]; see People v. Savinon, 100 N.Y.2d 192, 197, 761 N.Y.S.2d 144, 791 N.E.2d 401 [2003] ). A trial court's decision of whether to grant the charge is reviewable on an abuse of discretion standard ( see People v. Savinon, 100 N.Y.2d at 197, 761 N.Y.S.2d 144, 791 N.E.2d 401;People v. Onyia, 70 A.D.3d at 1204, 894 N.Y.S.2d 610).
The People did not dispute that defendant's request for the missing witness charge was timely or that he demonstrated prima facie entitlement to the charge by establishing that the victim was knowledgeable about a material issue in the case and could be expected to give noncumulative testimony favorable to the prosecution ( see People v. Vasquez, 76 N.Y.2d 722, 723, 557 N.Y.S.2d 873, 557 N.E.2d 109 [1990];People v. Gonzalez, 68 N.Y.2d 424, 427–428, 509 N.Y.S.2d 796, 502 N.E.2d 583[1986] ). Thus, the burden shifted to the People to refute that showing or demonstrate that “the testimony would [have been] cumulative to other evidence, that the witness [was] not ‘available,’ or that the witness [was] not under the [People's] ‘control’ such that he would not be expected to testify in [the People's] favor” ( People v. Gonzalez, 68 N.Y.2d at 428, 509 N.Y.S.2d 796, 502 N.E.2d 583;see People v. Kitching, 78 N.Y.2d 532, 536–537, 577 N.Y.S.2d 231, 583 N.E.2d 944 [1991];People v. Onyia, 70 A.D.3d at 1204, 894 N.Y.S.2d 610). This case turns on the availability component of the rule ( see People v. Savinon, 100 N.Y.2d at 197–198, 761 N.Y.S.2d 144, 791 N.E.2d 401). In that regard, the People asserted that the victim was not available because his whereabouts remained unknown despite diligent efforts to locate him. The People indicated that the victim had been a cooperative witness prior to trial, appearing in March 2011 when requested to give police a buccal swab in connection with this case. The prosecutor personally served a subpoena on the victim at that time, directing him to appear for trial on April 26, 2011, and believed that the victim would appear ( cf. People v. Savinon, 100 N.Y.2d at 199–200, 761 N.Y.S.2d 144, 791 N.E.2d 401). When the prosecutor attempted again to contact the victim shortly before trial, one telephone number was out-of-service and, at another number, the prosecutor was informed that the victim would return the phone call. The victim, however, did not return the call or appear for trial.
Meanwhile, the People requested that an investigator and police detective locate the victim. The investigation revealed the victim's last known address in Maryland, and an officer with a Maryland Sheriff's Department visited the residence, found it in disrepair and left a note for the victim to call the Ulster County District Attorney's office. The resident of that address called the prosecutor shortly thereafter to tell him that she had lived there for approximately 10 months and, although she received mail and a Federal Express package addressed to the victim, she did not know him. The People also made unfruitful inquiries with the Kingston Police Department regarding whether they had seen the victim in the area. Given the victim's willingness to cooperate until just prior to trial—including his appearance to give DNA evidence—the People's personal service of a subpoena upon him, and the People's efforts to locate him when he unexpectedly did not appear for trial, County Court did not abuse its discretion in denying defendant's request for the missing witness charge ( see People v. Savinon, 100 N.Y.2d at 198, 761 N.Y.S.2d 144, 791 N.E.2d 401;People v. Gonzalez, 68 N.Y.2d at 428, 509 N.Y.S.2d 796, 502 N.E.2d 583;People v. Mobley, 77 A.D.3d 488, 489, 908 N.Y.S.2d 686 [2010],lv. denied15 N.Y.3d 954, 917 N.Y.S.2d 114, 942 N.E.2d 325 [2010];People v. Brooks, 62 A.D.3d 511, 511, 878 N.Y.S.2d 730 [2009],lv. denied12 N.Y.3d 923, 884 N.Y.S.2d 704, 912 N.E.2d 1085 [2009];People v. Harris, 19 A.D.3d 871, 874, 797 N.Y.S.2d 614 [2005],lv. denied5 N.Y.3d 806, 803 N.Y.S.2d 35, 836 N.E.2d 1158 [2005];People v. La Motte, 285 A.D.2d 814, 816, 728 N.Y.S.2d 582 [2001];People v. Munroe, 185 A.D.2d 530, 532, 586 N.Y.S.2d 420 [1992] )
Turning to the denial of defendant's CPL 330.30 motion to set aside the verdict, while defendant's arguments are couched in terms of prosecutorial misconduct, they are based solely upon his meritless assertion that he was entitled to a missing witness charge. Accordingly, County Court properly denied the motion, and the judgment must be affirmed ( seeCPL 330.30[1]; People v. Simmons, 111 A.D.3d 975, 977, 974 N.Y.S.2d 185 [2013],lv. denied22 N.Y.3d 1203, 986 N.Y.S.2d 423, 9 N.E.3d 918 [2014] ).
ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed. STEIN, J.P., McCARTHY, EGAN JR. and CLARK, JJ., concur.