Opinion
February 5, 1990
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Queens County (Rotker, J.).
Ordered that the judgment, as amended, is affirmed.
The trial court did not err in admitting into evidence on the People's direct case certain portions of the defendant's testimony given at a prior trial on the instant indictment (see, People v Josan, 104 A.D.2d 1051; see also, United States v Grunewald, 164 F. Supp. 644; cf., People v Singleton, 138 A.D.2d 544; People v Castillo, 3 A.D.2d 963). For the most part, that testimony constituted judicial admissions and was received into evidence pursuant to a long-standing exception to the hearsay rule (see, People v Harris, 148 A.D.2d 469; People v Duncan, 57 A.D.2d 638; People v Corbo, 17 A.D.2d 351, 354-355; Richardson, Evidence § 209 et seq. [Prince 10th ed]). To the extent that certain portions of the defendant's prior testimony did not technically qualify as admissions, the error, if any, in permitting the testimony to be read into the record must be deemed harmless in light of the overwhelming evidence of the defendant's guilt (see, People v Crimmins, 36 N.Y.2d 230, 241; cf., People v Lopez, 79 A.D.2d 531). Moreover, the additional testimony either concerned pedigree and employment information or was necessary for a complete understanding of the defendant's admissions.
The defendant next contends that the People's case was based solely on circumstantial evidence and, therefore, the trial court committed reversible error in failing to give a circumstantial evidence charge. Since the defendant did not request such a charge or object to the charge as given, he has failed to preserve any issue of law with respect to his claim for appellate review (CPL 470.05; People v Chimelis, 156 A.D.2d 577; People v Edwards, 147 A.D.2d 586). In any event, the defendant's admissions that he engaged in a struggle with the victim over control and possession of the knife which caused the victim's death constituted direct evidence of many of the principal facts in issue (see, People v Licitra, 47 N.Y.2d 554, 558-559; People v Rumble, 45 N.Y.2d 879, 880; People v Bolino, 146 A.D.2d 790, 792; People v Samuel, 138 A.D.2d 543). Since the prosecutor's case relied on both direct and circumstantial evidence, the trial court did not err in failing to charge the "moral certainty" language or its reasonable equivalent by which purely circumstantial evidence cases are tested (see, e.g., People v Johnson, 65 N.Y.2d 556, 561; People v Barnes, 50 N.Y.2d 375, 380, on remand 77 A.D.2d 922; People v Licitra, supra).
We have considered the remaining contentions including the issue presented in the defendant's supplemental pro se brief and find them to be without merit. Mollen, P.J., Mangano, Thompson and Brown, JJ., concur.